Collaborative Research: ABI Development: HydroClim: Empowering aquatic research in North America with data from high-resolution streamflow and water temperature GIS modeling

水生系统提供的清洁水对人类至关重要。这些系统还维持生物多样性，并为基本的生态过程以及重要的经济和娱乐活动提供支持。然而，淡水系统受到人类活动的严重影响，这些活动对水质产生了重大的有害影响，水温上升，改变了季节性河流和溪流的流量，从而影响到淡水生物多样性。预计下一个世纪气温和降水量的变化将进一步影响水资源和依赖这些系统的生物多样性，但目前还没有描述整个北美的径流和水温变化的基本数据。该项目将通过生成“HydroClim”数据集来解决这一问题，该数据集将提供1950-2099年美国和加拿大所有主要流域河流断面的月流量和水温预测。这项工作将产生第一个具有这种范围和分辨率的北美淡水资源数据集。这些数据将为公众提供各种各样的好处，使他们更好地了解下一个世纪的水资源，并提供大量培训机会，以培养一个大型的、互动的科学家小组，重点研究美国和加拿大的水资源养护和淡水生物多样性。该项目的主要目标是开发和分发“HydroClim”数据集，这是一套描述美国和加拿大境内所有主要流域各河流断面当前和未来流量和水温的数据集。这些数据将在高性能计算系统上生成，使用多个土壤和水评估工具水文模型与水温模型相关联。SWAT水文和水温模型将使用当代气温和降水数据以及来自多个全球气候模型假设情景的未来气候数据生成，以生成1950-2099年径流量和水温的月度估计值。这些数据还将与FishNet 2（www.fishnet2.net）整合，FishNet 2是一个已建立的数据门户网站，为科学家、政府机构、资源管理人员和公众提供免费和开放的访问机会，以了解全球410多万种淡水鱼的出现情况，以及美国和加拿大200多万种淡水鱼的出现情况，从而可以描述该地区淡水物种的生境要求。这些努力的结果也将允许检查整个美国和加拿大的河流对气候变化的敏感性，从而更好地了解调节水资源的因素以及现在和未来世纪淡水生物多样性的分布。该项目的HydroClim数据和结果将在www.hydroclim.org网站上公布。

The clean water provided by aquatic systems is fundamentally important to humans. These systems also sustain biodiversity and provide support for basic ecological processes as well as important economic and recreational activities. Nevertheless, freshwater systems are heavily impacted by human actions that are having significant detrimental effects on water quality, increasing water temperatures, altering seasonal river and stream flows, and subsequently impacting freshwater biodiversity. Projected changes in air temperature and precipitation in the coming century are expected to further impact water resources and the biodiversity dependent on these systems, yet basic data describing variation in streamflow and water temperature across North America are not available. This project will address this issue by generating the "HydroClim" dataset, which will provide monthly streamflow and water temperature predictions for stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada from 1950-2099. This work will produce the first dataset on freshwater resources in North America of this scope and resolution. These data will provide a vast array of benefits to the public in terms of greater understanding of water resources in the coming century as well as numerous training opportunities directed at developing a large and interactive group of scientists focusing on the conservation of water resources and freshwater biodiversity in the United States and Canada. The primary goal of this project is to develop and distribute "HydroClim", a data set characterizing contemporary and future streamflows and water temperatures in individual stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada. These data will be generated on high-performance computing systems using multiple Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic models linked with a water temperature model. The SWAT hydrologic and water temperature models will be generated using contemporary air temperature and precipitation data as well as future climate data from multiple Global Climate Model scenarios to produce monthly estimates of streamflow volume and water temperature for the years 1950-2099. These data will also be integrated with FishNet 2 (www.fishnet2.net), an established data portal that provides scientists, government agencies, resource managers, and the general public free and open access to occurrences of over 4.1 million species lots of freshwater fishes, globally, and over 2 million lots for the United States and Canada, thus allowing for the characterization of the habitat requirements of freshwater species in this region. Results from these efforts will also allow for examination of the sensitivity of streams throughout the United States and Canada to changes in climate, thus providing a greater understanding of the factors regulating water resources as well as the distribution of freshwater biodiversity both now and in the coming century. The HydroClim data and results of this project will be available online at www.hydroclim.org.