Collaborative Research: ABI Development: HydroClim: Empowering aquatic research in North America with data from high-resolution streamflow and water temperature GIS modeling

水生系统提供的清洁水对人类来说至关重要。这些系统还维持生物多样性，并为基本生态过程以及重要的经济和娱乐活动提供支持。然而，淡水系统受到人类行为的严重影响，这些行为正在对水质产生重大有害影响，提高水温，改变季节性河流和溪流流量，并随后影响淡水生物多样性。预计未来一个世纪气温和降水量的变化将进一步影响水资源和依赖这些系统的生物多样性，但目前尚无描述整个北美地区河流流量和水温变化的基本数据。该项目将通过生成“水文Clim”数据集来解决这一问题，该数据集将提供1950-2099年美国和加拿大所有主要流域河流断面的月度径流和水温预测。这项工作将产生关于北美淡水资源的第一个这种范围和分辨率的数据集。这些数据将使公众在下个世纪更好地了解水资源，并提供大量培训机会，以培养一大批互动的科学家，重点是保护美国和加拿大的水资源和淡水生物多样性。该项目的主要目标是开发和分发“水文Clim”，这是一个数据集，描述了美国和加拿大所有主要分水岭各个溪流段的当代和未来溪流流量和水温。这些数据将在高性能计算系统上使用与水温模型相关联的多个土壤和水评估工具(SWAT)水文模型来生成。SWAT水文和水温模型将使用当代气温和降水数据以及来自多个全球气候模型情景的未来气候数据来生成，以生成1950-2099年的每月径流量和水温估计数。这些数据还将与渔网2(www.fahnet2.net)相结合，这是一个已建立的数据门户网站，为科学家、政府机构、资源管理人员和公众提供免费和开放的途径，获取全球超过410万种淡水鱼以及美国和加拿大的200多万种淡水鱼，从而能够描述该区域淡水物种的栖息地要求。这些努力的结果还将使人们能够检查美国和加拿大的河流对气候变化的敏感性，从而更好地了解调节水资源的因素以及现在和下个世纪淡水生物多样性的分布情况。该项目的数据和结果可在网上查阅，网址为：www.hyhype.org。

The clean water provided by aquatic systems is fundamentally important to humans. These systems also sustain biodiversity and provide support for basic ecological processes as well as important economic and recreational activities. Nevertheless, freshwater systems are heavily impacted by human actions that are having significant detrimental effects on water quality, increasing water temperatures, altering seasonal river and stream flows, and subsequently impacting freshwater biodiversity. Projected changes in air temperature and precipitation in the coming century are expected to further impact water resources and the biodiversity dependent on these systems, yet basic data describing variation in streamflow and water temperature across North America are not available. This project will address this issue by generating the "HydroClim" dataset, which will provide monthly streamflow and water temperature predictions for stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada from 1950-2099. This work will produce the first dataset on freshwater resources in North America of this scope and resolution. These data will provide a vast array of benefits to the public in terms of greater understanding of water resources in the coming century as well as numerous training opportunities directed at developing a large and interactive group of scientists focusing on the conservation of water resources and freshwater biodiversity in the United States and Canada. The primary goal of this project is to develop and distribute "HydroClim", a data set characterizing contemporary and future streamflows and water temperatures in individual stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada. These data will be generated on high-performance computing systems using multiple Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic models linked with a water temperature model. The SWAT hydrologic and water temperature models will be generated using contemporary air temperature and precipitation data as well as future climate data from multiple Global Climate Model scenarios to produce monthly estimates of streamflow volume and water temperature for the years 1950-2099. These data will also be integrated with FishNet 2 (www.fishnet2.net), an established data portal that provides scientists, government agencies, resource managers, and the general public free and open access to occurrences of over 4.1 million species lots of freshwater fishes, globally, and over 2 million lots for the United States and Canada, thus allowing for the characterization of the habitat requirements of freshwater species in this region. Results from these efforts will also allow for examination of the sensitivity of streams throughout the United States and Canada to changes in climate, thus providing a greater understanding of the factors regulating water resources as well as the distribution of freshwater biodiversity both now and in the coming century. The HydroClim data and results of this project will be available online at www.hydroclim.org.