Collaborative Research: ABI Development: HydroClim: Empowering aquatic research in North America with data from high-resolution streamflow and water temperature GIS modeling

水生系统提供的清洁水对人类至关重要。这些系统还维持生物多样性，为基本生态过程以及重要的经济和娱乐活动提供支持。然而，淡水系统受到人类活动的严重影响，这些活动正在对水质产生重大不利影响，使水温升高，改变季节性河流和溪流流量，并随后影响淡水生物多样性。预计下个世纪气温和降水的变化将进一步影响水资源和依赖于这些系统的生物多样性，但目前还没有描述整个北美河流流量和水温变化的基本数据。该项目将通过生成“HydroClim”数据集来解决这一问题，该数据集将提供1950-2099年美国和加拿大所有主要流域的河流断面的月度流量和水温预测。这项工作将产生北美第一个具有这种范围和分辨率的淡水资源数据集。这些数据将为公众在下个世纪更深入地了解水资源提供大量的好处，并提供许多培训机会，以便在美国和加拿大建立一个庞大的、相互作用的科学家小组，集中精力保护水资源和淡水生物多样性。该项目的主要目标是开发和分发“HydroClim”数据集，该数据集描述了美国和加拿大所有主要流域的单个河流段的当前和未来流量和水温。这些数据将在高性能计算系统上生成，该系统使用多个土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）水文模型与水温模型相关联。SWAT水文和水温模式将利用当代气温和降水资料，以及多个全球气候模式情景下的未来气候资料，生成1950-2099年的每月流量和水温估计。这些数据还将与渔网2 （www.fishnet2.net）整合，渔网2是一个已建立的数据门户网站，为科学家、政府机构、资源管理人员和公众免费和开放地提供全球超过410万种淡水鱼类的发生情况，美国和加拿大超过200万种，从而可以描述该地区淡水物种栖息地需求。这些努力的结果还将允许检查美国和加拿大各地的河流对气候变化的敏感性，从而更好地了解调节水资源的因素以及现在和下个世纪淡水生物多样性的分布。该项目的HydroClim数据和结果将在www.hydroclim.org上在线提供。

The clean water provided by aquatic systems is fundamentally important to humans. These systems also sustain biodiversity and provide support for basic ecological processes as well as important economic and recreational activities. Nevertheless, freshwater systems are heavily impacted by human actions that are having significant detrimental effects on water quality, increasing water temperatures, altering seasonal river and stream flows, and subsequently impacting freshwater biodiversity. Projected changes in air temperature and precipitation in the coming century are expected to further impact water resources and the biodiversity dependent on these systems, yet basic data describing variation in streamflow and water temperature across North America are not available. This project will address this issue by generating the "HydroClim" dataset, which will provide monthly streamflow and water temperature predictions for stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada from 1950-2099. This work will produce the first dataset on freshwater resources in North America of this scope and resolution. These data will provide a vast array of benefits to the public in terms of greater understanding of water resources in the coming century as well as numerous training opportunities directed at developing a large and interactive group of scientists focusing on the conservation of water resources and freshwater biodiversity in the United States and Canada. The primary goal of this project is to develop and distribute "HydroClim", a data set characterizing contemporary and future streamflows and water temperatures in individual stream sections in all major watersheds across the United States and Canada. These data will be generated on high-performance computing systems using multiple Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic models linked with a water temperature model. The SWAT hydrologic and water temperature models will be generated using contemporary air temperature and precipitation data as well as future climate data from multiple Global Climate Model scenarios to produce monthly estimates of streamflow volume and water temperature for the years 1950-2099. These data will also be integrated with FishNet 2 (www.fishnet2.net), an established data portal that provides scientists, government agencies, resource managers, and the general public free and open access to occurrences of over 4.1 million species lots of freshwater fishes, globally, and over 2 million lots for the United States and Canada, thus allowing for the characterization of the habitat requirements of freshwater species in this region. Results from these efforts will also allow for examination of the sensitivity of streams throughout the United States and Canada to changes in climate, thus providing a greater understanding of the factors regulating water resources as well as the distribution of freshwater biodiversity both now and in the coming century. The HydroClim data and results of this project will be available online at www.hydroclim.org.