Next Generation Catalyst Transfer Polycondensations

下一代催化剂转移缩聚

• 批准号: 1565840
• 负责人: Anne McNeil
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1565840&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Next; Generation; Catalyst; Transfer; Polycondensations

Professor Anne J. McNeil of the University of Michigan Ann Arbor is supported by the Chemical Catalysis (CAT) program in the Division of Chemistry to develop catalytic, synthetic procedures to make polymers that conduct electricity with improved structural control. Conductive polymers represent an interesting subset of polymers that are used as the light-harvesting layer in solar cells, the light-emitting layer in diodes (i.e., LEDs), and the charge conducting layer in transistors. One key advantage of conductive polymers is that they are flexible, and therefore they can be coated onto flexible substrates using simple, high-throughput technologies (e.g., ink-jet printing). Moreover, the starting materials are inexpensive. As a consequence, the conductive polymers market is rapidly growing and expected to reach 1.6 billion dollars in the US by 2017. The goal of this research is to broaden the types of polymers that can be made, and at the same time, increase the user-friendliness of the preparation procedure. Polymers with variable composition along the polymer chain are prepared. The objective is to improve the robustness and lifetime of polymer-based solar cells. The project may have a broader impact on the scientific community and the society at large, given that conjugated polymers are widely used for many applications. During the course of this work, students are trained in organic, inorganic, organometallic and polymer synthesis and characterization, mechanistic organometallic chemistry, solar cell fabrication and testing. Students from historically underrepresented groups are involved in the project through participation in the Michigan Math and Science Scholars Program and the research partnership with Washtenaw Community College.Gradient sequence conjugated copolymers are prepared and evaluated for use as compatibilizers in solar cells. Polymer composition, length, and sequence are all crucial factors that influence the properties of the polymer. As a result, each application often requires different polymer structure to be synthesized. The copolymers are prepared using palladium catalysts following a mechanism known as catalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP). Current CTP methods, however, have many limitations, including sensitivity to oxygen and moisture and the fact that many functional groups are not tolerated, large monomers are difficult to polymerize, and few electron-deficient monomers have been polymerized. The aim of this research is to identify chain-growth methods that are functional group tolerant and user-friendly, and to enable polymerization of large monomers containing electron-deficient arenes. Once optimized, the methods are applied to the gradient copolymer synthesis of higher-performing polymers (beyond poly (3-hexylthiophene)) with side chain fullerene for compatibilizing solar cells. The resulting mechanistic insight and catalysis discoveries may interest the synthetic organic, organometallic and polymer chemistry communities.

密歇根大学安阿伯的Anne J. McNeil教授得到化学系化学催化（CAT）项目的支持，开发催化合成程序，以制造具有改进结构控制的导电聚合物。导电聚合物代表了聚合物的一个有趣的子集，其被用作太阳能电池中的光捕获层、二极管中的发光层（即，LED）和晶体管中的电荷传导层。 导电聚合物的一个关键优点是它们是柔性的，因此它们可以使用简单的高通量技术（例如，喷墨印刷）。此外，起始材料便宜。因此，导电聚合物市场正在迅速增长，预计到2017年将达到16亿美元。 本研究的目标是拓宽可以制备的聚合物的类型，同时增加制备过程的用户友好性。制备了沿聚合物链具有可变组成沿着的聚合物。目的是提高聚合物太阳能电池的耐用性和寿命。 该项目可能会对科学界和整个社会产生更广泛的影响，因为共轭聚合物被广泛用于许多应用。 在这项工作的过程中，学生接受有机，无机，有机金属和聚合物合成和表征，机械有机金属化学，太阳能电池制造和测试的培训。来自历史上代表性不足的群体的学生通过参与密歇根州数学和科学学者计划以及与华盛顿社区学院的研究伙伴关系参与该项目。梯度序列共轭共聚物的制备和评估可用作太阳能电池中的增容剂。聚合物组成、长度和序列都是影响聚合物性能的关键因素。 因此，每种应用通常需要合成不同的聚合物结构。 该共聚物使用钯催化剂按照称为催化剂转移缩聚（CTP）的机理制备。然而，目前的CTP方法具有许多限制，包括对氧气和水分的敏感性以及许多官能团不被容忍的事实，大单体难以聚合，并且很少有缺电子单体聚合。 本研究的目的是确定链增长的方法，是官能团宽容和用户友好的，并使含有缺电子芳烃的大单体的聚合。一旦优化，该方法被应用于具有侧链富勒烯的更高性能聚合物（除了聚（3-己基噻吩））的梯度共聚物合成，用于增容太阳能电池。由此产生的机理洞察力和催化发现可能感兴趣的合成有机，有机金属和聚合物化学社区。