NSF/CBET-BSF: Effect of Sunlight Intensity on Functional Inhomogeneity and Stability of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

NSF/CBET-BSF：阳光强度对有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池功能不均匀性和稳定性的影响

• 批准号: 1605406
• 负责人: Vladimir Bulovic
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1605406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; CBET; BSF; Effect; Sunlight

The sun represents the most abundant potential source of sustainable energy on earth. Solar cells for producing electricity require materials that absorb the sun's energy and convert its photons to electrons, a process called photovoltaics. Recently, materials based on inorganic-organic halide perovskite materials have achieved promising solar energy power conversion efficiency approaching that of silicon solar cells, and can be made from earth-abundant elements using lower-cost, solution based fabrication methods. However, present organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaic devices chemically degrade during long-term service under both high sunlight and moisture in air. Furthermore, present methods for their fabrication result in the inconsistent performance of the final device. The goal of this project is to develop new fabrication methods to improve the environmental stability and performance reproducibility of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices to help enable their future practical use. A unique aspect of this project is that the research will be carried out as part of a formal international collaboration between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States and the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. Both institutions bring unique and complimentary research expertise as well as opportunities for student training. The research plan will seek to improve environmental stability and fabrication reproducibility of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices through four material fabrication strategies: 1) introduce molecular species with specialized functionality into the active layer, 2) adjust film formation kinetics, 3) tune the chemical composition of photoactive films, and 4) add passivating agents that reduce charge trap densities. These strategies will be investigated within the context of three research objectives. The first objective is to develop a fundamental understanding the origin of the grain-to grain variability in electronic properties of methylammonium lead triiodide. The second objective is to elucidate the origin of non-radiative decay in the microscale emission. As part of this objective, the crystallographic structure and composition will be correlated to characteristic luminescence emission and electronic properties at the microscale. The third objective is to determine the factors limiting the reproducibility and environmental stability of methylammonium lead triiodide, with particular focus on identifying the mechanisms responsible for photovoltaic deterioration that limits operational device stability under concentrated sunlight.

太阳是地球上最丰富的可持续能源的潜在来源。 用于发电的太阳能电池需要吸收太阳能并将其光子转化为电子的材料，这一过程称为光电子学。 最近，基于无机-有机卤化物钙钛矿材料的材料已经实现了接近硅太阳能电池的有前景的太阳能功率转换效率，并且可以使用低成本的基于溶液的制造方法由地球丰富的元素制成。 然而，目前的有机-无机钙钛矿光伏器件在高阳光和空气中的水分下长期使用期间化学降解。此外，目前的制造方法导致最终器件的性能不一致。该项目的目标是开发新的制造方法，以提高基于钙钛矿的光伏器件的环境稳定性和性能再现性，以帮助其未来的实际应用。 该项目的一个独特之处是，该研究将作为美国马萨诸塞州理工学院和以色列内盖夫本-古里安大学之间正式国际合作的一部分进行。 这两个机构带来了独特的和免费的研究专业知识，以及学生培训的机会。该研究计划将寻求通过四种材料制造策略来提高基于钙钛矿的光伏器件的环境稳定性和制造再现性：1）将具有特定功能的分子物种引入活性层，2）调整膜形成动力学，3）调整光活性膜的化学成分，以及4）添加钝化剂以降低电荷陷阱密度。 这些策略将在三个研究目标的范围内进行调查。第一个目标是发展一个基本的了解的起源的粮食变异的电子性质的甲基铵三碘化铅。 第二个目标是阐明在微尺度发射的非辐射衰变的起源。 作为这一目标的一部分，晶体结构和组成将在微观尺度上与特征发光发射和电子性质相关。 第三个目标是确定限制甲基铵三碘化铅的再现性和环境稳定性的因素，特别关注确定负责光伏退化的机制，限制在集中的阳光下操作设备的稳定性。