Investigating the Correlation Between Lightning and High-Energy Particles in the Earth's Atmosphere
研究闪电与地球大气中高能粒子之间的相关性
基本信息
- 批准号:1613260
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 47.12万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-07-01 至 2019-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This project supports for the operation and analysis of data from a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), collocated with the Telescope Array (TA), the largest astroparticle physicsobservatory in the Northern Hemisphere. The merger of these arrays allows (1) study of the known phenomenon of gamma ray emission by lightning with a wide aperture detector capable of reconstructing gamma showers generated by lightning strikes, and (2) a search for the long-speculated "seeding" of lightning strikes by cosmic ray air showers. Intellectual Merit:It has been known for over a decade that x-ray and gamma radiation (~100 keV to 10 MeV) is emitted by lightning strikes. This phenomenon has been observed by ground-based detectors in association with both natural and induced lightning, and by space-based detectors. Recently, physicists studying data collected by the 700 square kilometer TA Surface Detector (SD) in Western Utah, U.S.A. have observed energetic elementary particles in coincidence with lightning strikes. In a subset of these events, "showers" have been reconstructed which point back to the particles' origin in the Earth's atmosphere. This has not been seen before, and it implies that the energetic radiation may be traced to particular times and features within the lightning strike.The LMA is the ideal instrument to couple with the TA SD in order to perform these studies. A version of this instrument used for site testing purposes has been temporarily located at the TA site. The LMA consists of nine VHF detectors, spread over hundreds of square kilometers, which detect impulsive radiation from lightning. These impulses may be reconstructed with 10 microsecond timing accuracy and better than 100 meter position accuracy, and used to create a 3-dimensional GPS-timed reconstruction of a lightning strike.The merger of TA/LMA is also the ideal instrument to search for evidence of a more speculative - but more profound - connection between particle astrophysics and climate: The seeding of lightning strikes by cosmic ray air showers. Since the electric fields present in thunderstorms are typically an order-of-magnitude less than the 30 kV/cm needed for dielectric breakdown of air, it is evident that something else must be assisting the process. The TA/LMA synergy will have the unique ability to search for cosmic ray coincidences with lightning, adding a tantalizing piece of speculative research to its capabilities.Broader Impacts:The synergy will create a rare opportunity for particle astrophysics research to have such a direct impact on the national priority of meteorological research. Electrical storms in the atmosphere have had a profound impact on the development of life on Earth, and continue to shape individual human lives and society. Yet mysteries remain as to the causes and nature of lightning. A large cosmic ray observatory is the ideal pairing with a lightning detector to probe two of these mysteries: (1) From where within a lightning strike do high-energy particles arise? (2) Can cosmic ray air showers provide the "seed" of atmospheric dielectric breakdown? For the relatively modest cost of maintaining a lightning mapping array, the TA/LMA observatory will become an important showpiece illustrating the benefits of NSF Particle Astrophysics to society as a whole.
该项目支持闪电测绘阵列(LMA)数据的操作和分析,该阵列与北半球最大的天体粒子物理观测站望远镜阵列(TA)并列。这些阵列的合并允许(1)用能够重建雷击产生的伽马暴的大孔径探测器来研究已知的由闪电发射的伽马射线现象,以及(2)搜索长期推测的由宇宙射线空气阵雨“播种”的雷击。知识价值:十多年来,人们已经知道,x射线和伽马辐射(~100 keV到10 MeV)是由雷击发出的。这种现象已经被与自然闪电和感应闪电相关的地面探测器以及天基探测器观测到。最近,物理学家研究了美国犹他州西部700平方公里的TA表面探测器(SD)收集的数据,发现了与雷击巧合的高能基本粒子。在这些事件的一个子集中,“阵雨”已经被重建,这可以追溯到粒子在地球大气中的起源。这是以前从未见过的,这意味着高能辐射可以追溯到雷击的特定时间和特征。为了进行这些研究,LMA是与TA SD结合的理想仪器。用于现场测试目的的该仪器的一个版本已临时放置在TA现场。LMA由9个甚高频探测器组成,分布在数百平方公里的范围内,用于探测闪电的脉冲辐射。这些脉冲可以以10微秒的定时精度和优于100米的位置精度进行重建,并用于创建雷击的三维gps定时重建。TA/LMA的合并也是寻找粒子天体物理学和气候之间更具推测性(但更深刻)联系的证据的理想工具:由宇宙射线空气阵雨播下的闪电。由于雷暴中存在的电场通常比空气电介质击穿所需的30千伏/厘米小一个数量级,很明显,一定有别的东西在辅助这个过程。TA/LMA协同作用将具有独特的能力来搜索宇宙射线与闪电的巧合,为其能力增加了一项诱人的投机研究。更广泛的影响:协同作用将为粒子天体物理学研究创造一个难得的机会,对国家气象研究的优先事项产生如此直接的影响。大气中的电风暴对地球上生命的发展产生了深远的影响,并继续塑造着个人的生活和社会。然而,闪电的原因和性质仍然是个谜。一个大型的宇宙射线观测站是与闪电探测器的理想搭档,可以探测以下两个谜团:(1)在雷击中,高能粒子是从哪里产生的?(2)宇宙射线空气阵雨能否提供大气介质击穿的“种子”?由于维持一个闪电测绘阵列的成本相对较低,TA/LMA天文台将成为一个重要的展示,说明NSF粒子天体物理学对整个社会的好处。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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John Belz其他文献
TA/Lightning
助教/闪电
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2018 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Y. Hirayama;Y.X. Watanabe;M. Mukai;P. Schury;M. Ahmed;H. Ishiyama;S.C. Jeong;Y. Kakiguchi;S. Kimura;J.Y. Moon;M. Oyaizu;J.H. Park;M. Wada;H. Miyatake;春名純一;S. Hashimoto;K. Takashima , N. Kenji , and T.Kaneko;John Belz - 通讯作者:
John Belz
<em>Re</em>(<em>∈′/∈</em>) and other recent results from KTeV
- DOI:
10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00584-9 - 发表时间:
2000-01-31 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
John Belz - 通讯作者:
John Belz
John Belz的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('John Belz', 18)}}的其他基金
Downward Gamma Ray Showers from Natural Lightning
自然闪电产生的向下伽马射线阵雨
- 批准号:
1844306 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
MRI: Development of a Radar Observatory for Cosmic Ray Air Showers
MRI:宇宙射线空气阵雨雷达观测站的开发
- 批准号:
1126353 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Detection of Cosmic Ray Airshowers by Bistatic Radar
双基地雷达探测宇宙射线气流
- 批准号:
0969865 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Study of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
最高能量宇宙射线的研究
- 批准号:
0636162 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Study of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
最高能量宇宙射线的研究
- 批准号:
0245428 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Study of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
最高能量宇宙射线的研究
- 批准号:
0313757 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Study of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
最高能量宇宙射线的研究
- 批准号:
0071069 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 47.12万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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