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LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN THE DETERMINANTS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

社区结构决定因素的纬度变化

基本信息

批准号：
1620046
负责人：
Adam Siepielski
金额：
$ 20.2万
依托单位：
University of Arkansas
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-11-01 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1620046&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
LATITUDINAL VARIATION DETERMINANTS COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

项目摘要

Levels of species diversity vary naturally among different environments. Much of the theory developed to understand how species diversity is maintained in particular habitats is built on the assumption that different species occupy unique niches. This means that multiple species can live together only because each species interacts with the environment in different ways. However, evidence also suggests that many species are nearly identical to one another in how they interact with the environment. Neutral ecological theory has been suggested as an alternative to niche-based theory in order to explain the apparent redundancy of coexisting species. It states that every species may not occupy its own niche and that diversity is maintained instead by species only slowly being lost by random chance. This project will conduct observational studies and field experiments to distinguish between these two alternative theories in structuring damselfly assemblages found in lakes throughout western North America. The work specifically focuses on examining how the relative importance of neutral versus niche-based processes may vary spatially with latitude. Latitude may play an important role because repeated glaciation at northern latitudes has limited the persistence of local communities there, and thus restricted the ability for niche differences to evolve in northern relative to southern communities. This research will provide valuable information for understanding how mechanisms allowing species coexistence may vary spatially, which is critical to constructing effective biodiversity management strategies. The importance of biological diversity to humanity ranges from clean water to medicine, to recreation and art. This project will incorporate a range of formal and informal education activities on the topic of biological diversity, that include enhancing the science curriculum for local K-5 elementary schools, developing an undergraduate research-based curriculum, and creating a citizen science project to encourage public participation and to contribute to public understanding of biodiversity. In addition, undergraduate students will be engaged in all components of the scientific research enterprise.

物种多样性的水平在不同的环境中自然变化。许多为理解物种多样性如何在特定栖息地得以维持而发展起来的理论都是建立在不同物种占据独特生态位的假设之上的。这意味着多个物种可以生活在一起，只是因为每个物种以不同的方式与环境相互作用。然而，证据也表明，许多物种在如何与环境相互作用方面彼此几乎相同。中性生态理论被认为是生态位理论的替代，以解释共存物种的明显冗余。它指出，每一个物种可能不会占据自己的生态位，而多样性是通过物种只是慢慢地失去随机机会来维持的。该项目将进行观测研究和实地实验，以区分这两种替代理论在结构豆娘组合在整个北美西部的湖泊中发现。这项工作特别侧重于研究如何中性与利基为基础的过程的相对重要性可能会随纬度的空间变化。纬度可能发挥重要作用，因为北方纬度反复的冰川作用限制了当地群落的持久性，从而限制了北方相对于南方群落生态位差异的演变能力。这项研究将提供有价值的信息，了解如何机制，使物种共存可能会发生空间变化，这是建立有效的生物多样性管理战略的关键。生物多样性对人类的重要性从清洁水到医药，再到娱乐和艺术。该项目将包括一系列关于生物多样性主题的正式和非正式教育活动，包括加强当地K-5小学的科学课程，制定本科研究课程，以及创建一个公民科学项目，以鼓励公众参与，并促进公众对生物多样性的理解。此外，本科生将从事科研企业的所有组成部分。