Problems in Theoretical Physics

该奖项资助加州大学圣巴巴拉分校(UCSB)的约瑟夫·波尔钦斯基教授和罗伯特·苏格教授的研究活动。这两位教授的研究是在高能物理领域。这个领域的长期目标是确定物质的基本组成部分，并确定它们之间的相互作用，这些相互作用产生了我们观察到的物理世界。通过开发所谓的高能物理标准模型，在实现这些目标方面取得了很大进展，该模型提供了对自然的四种相互作用中的三种的基本描述：强相互作用、电磁相互作用和弱相互作用。缺少的是引力的基本理论，以及引力与其他相互作用的统一。波尔钦斯基在这项拨款下的工作目标是创造这些缺失的元素。相比之下，苏格的研究旨在进行非常精确的计算，当这些计算与同样精确的实验相结合时，将对标准模型进行严格的测试，并可能指出该模型的故障，这将需要发展新的物理思想。因此，该奖项下的研究通过促进科学最基本的方向之一的进步来促进国家利益。除了有助于更深入地理解物理学的基本定律外，这个项目预计还将产生重大的更广泛的影响。研究生和博士后研究员的教育是赠款的一项主要活动。此外，与苏格教授的研究相关的部分工作旨在为整个美国从事相关领域工作的物理学家社区开发大规模计算基础设施。正在采取的方法具有广泛的可能性，可以应用于许多科学和工程领域的计算密集型问题。更严格地说，量子引力的研究将集中在弦和膜的动力学上，特别是在黑洞视界附近。膜动力学在弦紧实中的作用也将变得更加精确。本课程将研究量子场论和全息术中的一系列问题，重点是基本原理。格点规范理论的研究将针对多种用途的规范组态的产生，轻赝标介子和B介子的性质，以及介子的反常磁矩。

This award funds the research activities of Professors Joseph Polchinski and Robert Sugar at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). The research of these two professors is in the field of high energy physics. The long-term objectives of this field are to identify the basic building blocks of matter and to determine the interactions among them that give rise to the physical world we observe. Great progress has been made towards these objectives through the development of the so-called Standard Model of high energy physics, which provides fundamental descriptions of three of the four interactions of nature: the strong, electromagnetic and weak. What is missing is a fundamental theory of gravity, and the unification of gravity with the other interactions. The objective of Polchinski's work under this grant is to create these missing elements. Sugar's research, by contrast, is aimed at making very precise calculations which, when combined with equally precise experiments, will provide rigorous tests of the Standard Model and possibly point to breakdowns of this model that will require the development of new physical ideas. Thus, research under this award advances the national interest by promoting the progress of science in one of its most fundamental directions. In addition to contributing to a deeper understanding of the fundamental laws of physics, this project is also expected to have significant broader impacts. The education of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows is a major activity of the grant. Moreover, part of the effort associated with Professor Sugar's research is aimed at developing large-scale computational infrastructure for the entire U.S. community of physicists working in related areas. The approach being taken has broad possibilities for application to computationally-intensive problems in many areas of science and engineering. More technically, research in quantum gravity will focus on the dynamics of strings and branes, especially near the black hole horizon. The role of brane dynamics in string compactification will also be made precise. A wide range of questions in quantum field theory and holography will be studied, focusing on basic principles. Research in lattice gauge theory will be directed at the generation of gauge configurations for multiple applications, the properties of the light pseudoscalar mesons and B mesons, and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.