Development of the Electronic Test of Early Numeracy

该项目将开发和完善英语和西班牙语的早期算术电子测试（e-TEN），重点是数字和运算。评估将包括描述学生对数字理解发展的学习轨迹。电子评估将允许测试适应学生的反应，并结合游戏来增加孩子们对任务的参与。这些特性利用了电子格式。成绩测试将被设计成高效、用户友好、负担得起，并适用于各种学习环境和广泛的年龄范围（3至8岁）。评估设计的首要目标是创建一种比现有措施更准确、更广泛的儿童更容易获得、更容易管理的措施。该项目由探索研究Pre-K-12项目资助，该项目资助STEM创新和评估、教学和学习方法的研究和开发。e-TEN将评估非正式和正式的数字知识和操作领域，包括口头计数、编号、数字关系和心理加减法。这些项目将使用基于领域的学习轨迹来设计，描述学生对主题理解的发展。测试将被设计成具有一些关键特性。首先，它在6个月的年龄跨度内是半适应性的。第二，它将采用电子格式，以便统一执行和有效、用户友好的管理。西班牙语使用者也可以使用包容性评估模式进行测试。最后，基于游戏的方面应该提高儿童的参与度，并提出更多有意义的问题。对用户友好的方面包括与儿童早期的其他算术测试相比，简化了评估过程。发展的第一阶段将测试e-TEN的初步版本，以测试其功能和可行性。第二阶段将侧重于项目的规范化、信度和效度。信度将使用项目反应理论方法和重测信度测量来评估。效度将以标准预测效度和建构效度来检验。这项工作的最后阶段将包括创建一个西班牙语版本的测试，包括收集使用两种版本e-TEN的双语儿童的数据。

The project will develop and refine an electronic Test of Early Numeracy (e-TEN) in English and Spanish, focused on number and operations. The assessment will incorporate a learning trajectory that describes students' development of the understanding of number. The electronic assessment will allow for the test to adapt to students' responses and incorporate games to increase children's engagement with the tasks. These features take advantage of the electronic format. The achievement test will be designed to be efficient, user-friendly, affordable, and accessible for a variety of learning environments and a broad age range (3 to 8 years old). The overarching goal of the assessment design is to create a measure that is more accurate, more accessible to a wider range of children, and easier to administer than existing measures. This project is funded by the Discovery Research Pre-K-12 Program, which funds research and development of STEM innovations and approaches in assessment, teaching and learning. The e-TEN will assess informal and formal knowledge of number and operations in domains including verbal counting, numbering, numerical relationships, and mental addition/subtraction. The items will be designed using domain-based learning trajectories that describe students' development of understanding of the topics. The test will be designed with some key characteristics. First, it will be semi-adaptive over six-month age spans. Second, it will have an electronic format that allows for uniform implementation and an efficient, user-friendly administration. The test will also be accessible to Spanish speakers using an inclusive assessment model. Finally, the game-based aspect should increase children's engagement and present more meaningful questions. The user-friendly aspect includes simplifying the assessment process compared to other tests of numeracy in early-childhood. The first phase of the development will test a preliminary version of the e-TEN to test its functionality and feasibility. The second phase will focus on norming of the items, reliability and validity. Reliability will be assessed using Item Response Theory methods and test-retest reliability measures. Validity will be examined using criterion-prediction validity and construct validity. The final phase of the work will include creating a Spanish version of the test including collecting data from bilingual children using both versions of the e-TEN.