Development of the Electronic Test of Early Numeracy

该项目将开发和完善英语和西班牙语的早期数字能力电子测试(e-TEN)，重点是数字和运算。评估将纳入一个描述学生对数字理解发展的学习轨迹。电子评估将允许测试适应学生的反应，并纳入游戏，以增加儿童对任务的参与度。这些功能利用了电子格式的优势。成绩测试的设计将是高效的、用户友好的、负担得起的、适合各种学习环境和广泛年龄范围(3至8岁)的。评估设计的总体目标是创建一种比现有措施更准确、更容易为更广泛的儿童所接受、更容易管理的措施。该项目由发现研究K-12前计划资助，该计划为STEM在评估、教学和学习方面的创新和方法的研究和开发提供资金。E-TEN将评估非正式和正式的数字和运算知识，包括文字计数、编号、数字关系和心理加/减。这些项目将使用基于领域的学习轨迹来设计，这些轨迹描述了学生对主题理解的发展。这项测试的设计将包含一些关键特征。首先，它将是半适应的，超过6个月的年龄跨度。第二，它将有一种电子格式，以便统一执行和高效、方便用户的管理。说西班牙语的人也可以使用包容性评估模式进行测试。最后，基于游戏的方面应该增加儿童的参与度，并提出更有意义的问题。与儿童早期的其他计算测试相比，方便使用的方面包括简化评估过程。开发的第一阶段将测试e-ten的初步版本，以测试其功能和可行性。第二阶段将侧重于项目的常模、信度和效度。信度将使用项目反应理论方法和重测信度测量方法进行评估。效度将使用标准预测效度和结构效度进行检验。这项工作的最后阶段将包括创建西班牙语版本的测试，包括收集使用两个版本的e-ten的双语儿童的数据。

The project will develop and refine an electronic Test of Early Numeracy (e-TEN) in English and Spanish, focused on number and operations. The assessment will incorporate a learning trajectory that describes students' development of the understanding of number. The electronic assessment will allow for the test to adapt to students' responses and incorporate games to increase children's engagement with the tasks. These features take advantage of the electronic format. The achievement test will be designed to be efficient, user-friendly, affordable, and accessible for a variety of learning environments and a broad age range (3 to 8 years old). The overarching goal of the assessment design is to create a measure that is more accurate, more accessible to a wider range of children, and easier to administer than existing measures. This project is funded by the Discovery Research Pre-K-12 Program, which funds research and development of STEM innovations and approaches in assessment, teaching and learning. The e-TEN will assess informal and formal knowledge of number and operations in domains including verbal counting, numbering, numerical relationships, and mental addition/subtraction. The items will be designed using domain-based learning trajectories that describe students' development of understanding of the topics. The test will be designed with some key characteristics. First, it will be semi-adaptive over six-month age spans. Second, it will have an electronic format that allows for uniform implementation and an efficient, user-friendly administration. The test will also be accessible to Spanish speakers using an inclusive assessment model. Finally, the game-based aspect should increase children's engagement and present more meaningful questions. The user-friendly aspect includes simplifying the assessment process compared to other tests of numeracy in early-childhood. The first phase of the development will test a preliminary version of the e-TEN to test its functionality and feasibility. The second phase will focus on norming of the items, reliability and validity. Reliability will be assessed using Item Response Theory methods and test-retest reliability measures. Validity will be examined using criterion-prediction validity and construct validity. The final phase of the work will include creating a Spanish version of the test including collecting data from bilingual children using both versions of the e-TEN.