Perceptions of Trust and Procedural Justice as Sources of Receptivity and Resistance to Video Surveillance

警方与公民之间负面冲突的视频报道前所未有，引发了内乱，并引发了公众对警察和刑事司法系统信任的质疑。当警察被正面看待时（例如，公平、公正、值得信赖），先前的研究显示公众对他们的强烈支持。然而，在过去的十年中，美国主要社会变化的趋同（例如，更广泛的视频技术可以捕捉警察暴力和滥用权力的图像，不断扩大的种族鸿沟，以及对社会机构的信心下降）挑战了公平和信任足以产生积极的警察-公民关系的观念。拟议的研究将进行一项大规模的全国调查和全市访谈，以测试公众对警察行为、制度失范、程序正义和警察合法性的看法对警察-公民关系的影响，以及通过使用随身携带的摄像机和空中无人机支持“视频警务”活动。在种族仇恨和警民关系紧张的后弗格森时期，获得的调查结果将提供“最佳实践”的直接证据，以提高公众对各种警察做法的支持，并制定更细致的社区警务方法，从而更有效地控制犯罪，促进更好的警民关系，特别是在少数民族社区，那里对警察的基本信任可能是最困难的。通过探索公众对程序正义和警察合法性的看法对当代美国社会中他们对视频警务活动的支持的影响，拟议的研究不同于现有的研究：(1)关注公众对警察使用不断发展的视频技术的支持（例如，随身携带的摄像机，空中无人机）；(2)对警察公平和合法性观念的影响是否具有高度语境性的实证评估；受种族、与警察的直接经历和他们的负面视频图像、警察活动类型（例如，主动警务与被动警务）和制度失范感的调节或调节，以及(3)分析方法（即，使用连接分析来研究这种因果复杂性）。这项研究的结果将通过确定警察可以使用移动视频技术（即随身摄像机和空中无人机）的特定条件来提供直接的社会效益，以降低公众阻力来增加社区安全和支持。它还将确定视频技术被视为侵入性、无效和/或选择性（错误）使用的条件，从而侵蚀了这种公共安全和支持。

Unprecedented video coverage of negative police-citizen encounters has fueled civil unrest and questions about the public trust in police and the criminal justice system. When the police are viewed positively (e.g., fair, impartial, trustworthy), previous research reveals strong public support for them. Over the last decade, however, the convergence of major social changes in the U.S. (e.g., the wider availability of video technology to capture images of police violence and abuse of power, the growing racial divide, and declining confidence in social institutions) challenge this notion that fairness and trust are enough to produce positive police-citizen relations. The proposed study will conduct a large national survey and citywide interviews to test these ideas about the impact of public perceptions of officer conduct, institutional anomie, procedural justice, and police legitimacy on police-citizen relations and support for "video policing" activities through the use of body-worn cameras and aerial drones. In this post-Ferguson period of racial animus and strained police-citizen relations, the obtained survey results will provide direct evidence of the "best practices" for improving public support for various police practices and developing a more nuanced approach to community policing that is more effective in crime control and fosters better police-citizen relations, especially in minority neighborhoods where basic trust in police may be most problematic.By exploring the impact of public perceptions about procedural justice and police legitimacy on their support for video policing activities in contemporary American society, the proposed study departs from extant research by its (1) focus on public support for police use of evolving video technology (e.g., body-worn cameras, aerial drones), (2) empirical evaluation of whether the influence of perceptions of police fairness and legitimacy are highly contextual, mediated or moderated by one's race, direct experiences with police and negative video images of them, the type of police activity (e.g., proactive versus reactive policing) and feelings of institutional anomie, and (3) analytic methods (i.e., the use conjunctive analysis to study this causal complexity). The results of this study will provide direct social benefits by identifying particular conditions under which police can use mobile video technology (i.e., body cameras and aerial drones) to increase community safety and support with lower public resistance. It will also identify conditions under which video technology is viewed as invasive, ineffective and/or selectively (mis)used, thereby eroding this public safety and support.