Doctoral Dissertation Research: Global Policy, National Law, and Local Economies

博士论文研究：全球政策、国家法律和地方经济

• 批准号: 1627551
• 负责人: Vinay Gidwani
• 金额: $ 1.57万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2017-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1627551&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Global; Policy

What happens when internationally heralded policy approaches to problems conceived as 'global' problems with 'global' solutions are launched at the national and local levels? How do international law and global governance practices play out through particular practices, institutions, and different levels of government? Do hybrid processes emerge when global regulations are inserted into already functioning and yet functionally different systems? As a governing consensus takes shape around the world in particular policy areas, this project asks how policies that follow this consensus impact local places and marginalized people, and how, in turn, various actors in these places respond. It does so by examining global regulations seeking to sustainably manage electronic waste. E-waste has attracted international attention for the rapidly growing quantities of electronic devices -- from computers and cell phones to washing machines -- reaching their end-of-life across the world, and their management in informal or 'backyard' recycling processes in developing countries. Since e-waste has been broadly conceived as a global problem, with regulation focusing on preventing the hazardous processes used by informal recyclers, this research undertakes a significant re-examination of e-waste as embedded in wider reuse and repair industries. The project seeks to explain how two systems -- that of the established unregulated industry and a new government-authorized corporate sector -- co-exist and potentially even reinforce each other, and how we understand regulation when its implementation plays out in unpredictable and potentially contradictory ways. In addition to advancing theory on the complex relationship between global governance, local practice, and informality, the findings have policy relevance for regulatory interventions that target the informal sector in the Global South.This project explores the above questions by examining how e-waste regulation is produced and implemented in India through 17 months of research on used, repair and scrap electronics markets in the National Capital Region of India, which includes Delhi and its environs. Using primarily ethnographic methodologies, this research examines the evolution of a hybrid e-waste management system in India produced by adaptations to the new regulations and their uncomfortable fit with pre-existing informal industries. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a wide range of participants in Delhi's used electronics markets, including small-scale scrap collectors, recyclers, IT maintenance experts and international electronics traders, as well as interviews with policy makers and government officials.

如果在国家和地方一级采取国际上所宣传的政策办法，以“全球”办法解决被视为“全球”问题的问题，会发生什么情况？ 国际法和全球治理实践如何通过特定的实践、机构和各级政府发挥作用？ 当全球性规章被插入已经在运作但功能不同的系统时，混合进程是否会出现？ 随着世界各地在特定政策领域形成管理共识，本项目探讨遵循这一共识的政策如何影响地方和边缘化人群，以及这些地方的各种行为者如何应对。 它通过审查寻求可持续管理电子废物的全球法规来实现这一目标。 电子废物引起了国际社会的关注，因为世界各地的电子设备----从电脑、手机到洗衣机----数量迅速增加，达到了使用寿命，而发展中国家则通过非正式或“后院”回收过程对这些设备进行管理。由于电子废物已被广泛认为是一个全球性问题，监管的重点是防止非正规回收商使用的危险工艺，本研究对嵌入更广泛的再利用和维修行业的电子废物进行了重要的重新审查。 该项目旨在解释两个系统-即已建立的不受监管的行业和新的政府授权的企业部门-如何共存，甚至可能相互加强，以及我们如何理解监管时，其实施发挥了不可预测的和潜在的矛盾的方式。除了推进关于全球治理、地方实践和非正规性之间复杂关系的理论之外，研究结果还对针对全球南方非正规部门的监管干预具有政策相关性。本项目通过对印度电子废物监管的产生和实施进行为期17个月的研究，在印度国家首都地区，包括德里及其周边地区，维修和报废电子产品市场。本研究主要使用人种学方法，探讨了印度混合电子废物管理系统的演变，该系统是通过适应新法规及其与现有非正规行业的不适应而产生的。半结构化的采访进行了广泛的参与者在德里的二手电子产品市场，包括小规模的废品收集者，回收商，IT维修专家和国际电子贸易商，以及与政策制定者和政府官员的采访。