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Impact of Ocean Acidification on Planktonic Foraminifera in the California Current System During the Last 300 Years

过去 300 年海洋酸化对加州洋流系统中浮游有孔虫的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1631977
负责人：
Claudia Benitez-Nelson
金额：
$ 41.25万
依托单位：
University of South Carolina at Columbia
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-15 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1631977&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Impact Ocean Acidification Planktonic Foraminifera

项目摘要

More than one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions produced since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution have been incorporated into the global surface ocean causing large-scale declines in seawater pH. This phenomenon is referred to as ocean acidification (OA) and is predicted to become particularly acute in coastal regions, including the west coast of the US. As the oceans become more acidic, it will become increasingly difficult for marine calcifiers to produce their shells. This may have important consequences for the marine food web and for various commercially important marine species. This study will produce the first detailed record of changes in OA along the coast of California during the last two centuries. This will be accomplished by examining the shells of a group of calcifying plankton called foraminifera. These organisms live and produce their shells at the sea surface, with the shells sinking to the sea floor when the organism dies. Foraminiferal shells from a sediment core collected from Santa Barbara Basin will be studied in order to reconstruct changes in calcification over the last 200 years. Using these results, predictions will be made as to how calcification will continue to change through the end of the 21st century based on various scenarios for increasing atmospheric CO2.Modeling studies suggest that the California Current System (CCS) and associated ecosystem have been and will continue to be particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). To test this concept, this study will quantify the effect of OA on calcification rates in planktonic foraminifera from the Santa Barbara Basin region of the CCS since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. A 20-year Santa Barbara Basin sediment trap time series, together with the varved sediments from the basin will be used to generate a nearly annually resolved record of changes in calcification for this group of plankton in the CCS for the last 200 years. The proposed research will take place in two phases. First, sediment trap samples and coincident water column chemistry data will be used to calibrate the relationships among foraminiferal shell morphology (area density), shell geochemistry (B/Ca), and water column carbonate chemistry. Second, these morphologic and trace metal proxies will be used to produce two independent records of changing carbon ion concentration for the last two centuries using a 210Pb-dated varved sediment record. These sediment-derived estimates of carbon ion concentration will be compared with model estimates of this parameter for the last two centuries. Taken together, the sediment trap and core samples will provide an incomparable archive for quantifying the impact of OA on calcification in this paleoclimatically important group of plankton.

自工业革命开始以来，超过四分之一的人为CO2排放已被纳入全球表层海洋，导致海水pH值大规模下降，这种现象被称为海洋酸化（OA），预计在沿海地区（包括美国西海岸）将变得特别严重。随着海洋变得越来越酸，海洋钙化物将越来越难以产生它们的外壳。这可能对海洋食物网和各种具有重要商业价值的海洋物种产生重要影响。这项研究将产生第一个详细记录的变化，在OA沿着海岸的加州在过去的两个世纪。这将通过检查一组称为有孔虫的钙化浮游生物的外壳来完成。这些生物在海面上生活和生产它们的贝壳，当生物死亡时，贝壳沉入海底。将研究从圣巴巴拉盆地收集的沉积物岩心中的有孔虫壳，以重建过去200年来钙化的变化。利用这些结果，将作出预测，如何钙化将继续变化，直到21世纪末的基础上增加大气CO2的各种方案。模拟研究表明，加州海流系统（CCS）和相关的生态系统已经并将继续特别容易受到海洋酸化（OA）。为了检验这一概念，本研究将量化OA对自工业革命开始以来CCS的圣巴巴拉盆地地区的浮游有孔虫钙化率的影响。一个为期20年的圣巴巴拉盆地沉积物捕集器时间序列，以及来自盆地的纹状沉积物，将用于生成近200年来CCS中这组浮游生物钙化变化的近年度解析记录。拟议的研究将分两个阶段进行。首先，沉积物捕集器样品和同步水柱化学数据将用于校准有孔虫壳形态（面积密度）、壳地球化学（B/Ca）和水柱碳酸盐化学之间的关系。其次，这些形态和微量金属代理将被用来产生两个独立的记录变化的碳离子浓度在过去的两个世纪使用210铅定年的纹状沉积物记录。这些沉积物衍生的碳离子浓度的估计值将与过去两个世纪的模型估计值进行比较。两者合计，沉积物陷阱和核心样本将提供一个无与伦比的档案量化OA钙化的影响，在这个古气候重要的浮游生物群。