Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gaze Patterns During Video-mediated Interviews

这项研究项目将探索视频沟通(如Skype)中的小自助窗口(屏幕角落有自己的实时视频订阅源的窗口)如何以及为什么会影响人们在调查采访中披露敏感信息。在早先的一项研究中，处于自我看法状态的受访者披露了更多不受欢迎的社交行为(即更令人尴尬的行为)，并认为面试不那么敏感。该项目将在早期研究的基础上，通过视频跟踪调查受访者在回答敏感问题时看屏幕的位置。研究凝视模式以及不同受访者或问题的凝视模式可能会有何不同，将为理解为什么人们披露更多信息，并发现面试不那么敏感的原因提供了一个基础。这些发现将加深人们对非语言行为与信息披露之间的关系的理解。视频访谈是一种潜在的具有成本效益的数据收集模式，可以促进收集一些难以接触到的人群的与政策有关的数据。收集的数据可能有助于设计新的基于视频的数据收集界面。项目成果将在会议和出版场所公布，以最大限度地扩大对几个学科的影响。作为博士论文研究改进奖，提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的，独立的研究事业。视频中介面试提供了不同于其他面对面或音频互动的独特功能组合，包括在自我查看窗口中看到自己的能力。这项研究项目将在受控实验室环境中通过Skype比较成年参与者的反应和凝视模式。该实验将使用一组来自美国政府和社会科学调查的敏感和非敏感问题。受访者将被随机分配到自我看法(受访者可以看到自己和面试官)或没有自我看法(受访者只能看到面试官)的条件下。凝视的测量将使用一个不显眼的眼睛跟踪系统来记录。这些数据将被分析，以确定自我观察的受访者何时以及多长时间查看自己的图像，披露越多的受访者是否更多地查看自我观点，以及对于敏感问题和中性问题以及不太受社会欢迎的答案，凝视位置、持续时间和扫视频率有何不同。

This research project will explore how and why the small self-view window (a window with a live video feed of oneself in the corner of the screen) in video-mediated communication (such as Skype) can affect people's disclosure of sensitive information during survey interviews. In an earlier study, respondents in the self-view condition disclosed more socially undesirable (that is, more embarrassing) behaviors and perceived the interview to be less sensitive. This project will expand on earlier research by tracking where survey respondents look on the screen while answering sensitive questions via video. Examining gaze patterns and how they might differ for different respondents or questions will provide a basis for understanding why people disclose more and find the interview less sensitive with a self-view window. The findings will increase understanding about how nonverbal behaviors correlate with disclosure. Video-mediated interviewing is a potentially cost-effective mode of data collection that could facilitate the collection of policy-relevant data on some hard-to-reach populations. The data collected may be useful for informing the design of new video-based data-collection interfaces. Project results will be presented at conferences and publication venues that maximize impact across several disciplines. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, support is provided to enable a promising student to establish a strong, independent research career.Video-mediated interviewing offers a unique combination of features that differ from those in other face-to-face or audio interactions, including the ability to see oneself in a self-view window. This research project will compare the responses and gaze patterns of adult participants interviewed in a controlled laboratory setting over Skype. The experiment will use a set of sensitive and non-sensitive questions from U.S. government and social scientific surveys. Respondents will be randomly assigned either to a self-view (respondents can see themselves and the interviewer) or no self-view (respondents can see only the interviewer) condition. Measures of gaze will be recorded using an unobtrusive eye-tracking system. The data will be analyzed to determine when and how often self-view respondents look at the images of themselves, whether respondents who disclose more look at the self-view more, and how gaze location, duration, and frequency of glances differ for sensitive vs. neutral questions and for less socially desirable answers.