Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gaze Patterns During Video-mediated Interviews

本研究项目将探讨视频媒介通信（如Skype）中的小自我视图窗口（屏幕角落有自己的实时视频输入的窗口）如何以及为什么会影响人们在调查访谈中披露敏感信息。在早期的一项研究中，自我观条件下的受访者透露了更多的社会不受欢迎（即更尴尬）的行为，并认为面试不那么敏感。该项目将通过跟踪调查对象在通过视频回答敏感问题时看屏幕的位置来扩展早期的研究。研究凝视模式，以及它们在不同的被调查者或问题上的差异，将为理解为什么人们在自我观察窗口中会透露更多信息，并发现面试不那么敏感提供基础。这些发现将加深对非语言行为与信息披露之间关系的理解。视频访谈是一种可能具有成本效益的数据收集模式，可以促进收集有关一些难以接触到的人口的政策相关数据。所收集的数据可用于通知新的基于视频的数据采集接口的设计。项目成果将在会议和出版物场所展示，以最大限度地影响多个学科。作为博士论文研究改进奖，提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的，独立的研究生涯。视频访谈提供了不同于其他面对面或音频互动的独特功能组合，包括在自我视图窗口中看到自己的能力。这个研究项目将比较在一个受控的实验室设置通过Skype采访的成人参与者的反应和凝视模式。该实验将使用一系列来自美国政府和社会科学调查的敏感和非敏感问题。受访者将被随机分配到自我观（受访者可以看到自己和面试官）或不自我观（受访者只能看到面试官）的条件。注视的测量将使用一个不显眼的眼球追踪系统进行记录。这些数据将被分析，以确定自我观的受访者何时以及多久看一次自己的照片，披露更多信息的受访者是否更多地看自己的照片，以及在敏感问题和中性问题以及不太受社会欢迎的答案上，凝视的位置、持续时间和频率有何不同。

This research project will explore how and why the small self-view window (a window with a live video feed of oneself in the corner of the screen) in video-mediated communication (such as Skype) can affect people's disclosure of sensitive information during survey interviews. In an earlier study, respondents in the self-view condition disclosed more socially undesirable (that is, more embarrassing) behaviors and perceived the interview to be less sensitive. This project will expand on earlier research by tracking where survey respondents look on the screen while answering sensitive questions via video. Examining gaze patterns and how they might differ for different respondents or questions will provide a basis for understanding why people disclose more and find the interview less sensitive with a self-view window. The findings will increase understanding about how nonverbal behaviors correlate with disclosure. Video-mediated interviewing is a potentially cost-effective mode of data collection that could facilitate the collection of policy-relevant data on some hard-to-reach populations. The data collected may be useful for informing the design of new video-based data-collection interfaces. Project results will be presented at conferences and publication venues that maximize impact across several disciplines. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, support is provided to enable a promising student to establish a strong, independent research career.Video-mediated interviewing offers a unique combination of features that differ from those in other face-to-face or audio interactions, including the ability to see oneself in a self-view window. This research project will compare the responses and gaze patterns of adult participants interviewed in a controlled laboratory setting over Skype. The experiment will use a set of sensitive and non-sensitive questions from U.S. government and social scientific surveys. Respondents will be randomly assigned either to a self-view (respondents can see themselves and the interviewer) or no self-view (respondents can see only the interviewer) condition. Measures of gaze will be recorded using an unobtrusive eye-tracking system. The data will be analyzed to determine when and how often self-view respondents look at the images of themselves, whether respondents who disclose more look at the self-view more, and how gaze location, duration, and frequency of glances differ for sensitive vs. neutral questions and for less socially desirable answers.