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The Metabolic Response of Coastal Bacteria to Mortality-Derived Phytoplankton Dissolved Organic Matter

沿海细菌对死亡浮游植物溶解有机物的代谢反应

基本信息

批准号：
1634016
负责人：
Elizabeth Kujawinski
金额：
$ 82.73万
依托单位：
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1634016&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Metabolic Response Coastal Bacteria Mortality

项目摘要

Microbes interact with one another through the exchange of chemicals dissolved in their surrounding waters. Decades of biochemical research have identified a small suite of chemicals that are required by microbes for growth and well-being. This limited suite is now being expanded with novel analytical tools based on mass spectrometry. In this project, the focus will be on chemicals that are released during the death of microbes, with particular attention paid to burst cells after viral infections and to the remnants of cells after grazing by protozoa (single celled organisms). These chemicals are not intentionally released by their producers, but they can still affect the growth and well-being of nearby bacteria and in turn the bacteria's ability to convert these molecules to carbon dioxide. The proposed comparison of the types and reactivities of chemicals released during the death of a brown tide alga will help improve models of carbon cycling in the coastal ocean. Two graduate students will be supported directly by this project. The proponent plans to teach two classes, one a mass spectrometry course, the other an environmental metabolomics course. It is anticipated that as part of the evolution of the metabolomics course, data-training for metabolomics would become part of the course. Microbial consortia are exquisitely sensitive to chemical changes in their surroundings and the diversity of microbial communities evolves with the composition of available growth substrates and nutrients. Thus, interactions between microbes, through the milieu of dissolved organic matter (DOM), lie at the heart of the global carbon cycle and thus merit significant study and investigation. This project focuses on the molecules that are released during microbial mortality through viral lysis or protozoan grazing. Using novel mass spectrometry-based tools, this project links the composition of dissolved organic matter derived from microbial mortality with the ability of heterotrophic bacteria to remineralize these substrates. Metabolic parameters and carbon transformation rates will be determined as a function of DOM source to assess the impact of DOM type on microbial physiology and carbon turnover. Laboratory results from model organisms will be compared to field settings where the model organisms dominate planktonic communities. The project will generate a suite of molecules that can be used in future experiments as markers of microbial mortality and will provide quantitative comparisons between the reactivity of viral lysate and grazer-derived DOM. These results will support improved parameterizations of microbial networks and their impact on the global carbon cycle.

微生物通过在周围水域中溶解的化学物质的交换相互作用。几十年的生化研究已经确定了微生物生长和健康所需的一小部分化学物质。这一有限的套装现在正在扩大，增加了基于质谱学的新型分析工具。在这个项目中，重点将放在微生物死亡过程中释放的化学物质上，特别关注病毒感染后细胞破裂和原生动物(单细胞生物体)吃草后细胞的残留。这些化学物质不是它们的生产者故意释放的，但它们仍然会影响附近细菌的生长和福祉，进而影响细菌将这些分子转化为二氧化碳的能力。建议对褐潮藻死亡期间释放的化学物质的类型和反应性进行比较，这将有助于改进沿海海洋的碳循环模型。该项目将直接资助两名研究生。倡导者计划开设两个班级，一个是质谱学课程，另一个是环境代谢组学课程。预计作为代谢组学课程发展的一部分，代谢组学的数据培训将成为课程的一部分。微生物群落对其周围环境的化学变化非常敏感，微生物群落的多样性随着可用生长基质和营养物质的组成而演变。因此，微生物之间通过溶解有机物(DOM)环境的相互作用处于全球碳循环的核心，因此值得深入研究和研究。这个项目的重点是在微生物死亡期间通过病毒裂解或原生动物放牧而释放的分子。利用新的基于质谱学的工具，该项目将微生物死亡所产生的溶解有机物的组成与异养细菌重新矿化这些底物的能力联系起来。代谢参数和碳转化率将作为DOM来源的函数来确定，以评估DOM类型对微生物生理和碳周转的影响。模型生物的实验室结果将与模型生物主导浮游生物群落的野外环境进行比较。该项目将产生一套分子，可在未来的实验中用作微生物死亡率的标记，并将提供病毒裂解物和食草动物来源的DOM的反应性之间的定量比较。这些结果将支持改进的微生物网络参数及其对全球碳循环的影响。