Collaborative research: Quantifying the biological, chemical, and physical linkages between chemosynthetic communities and the surrounding deep sea

合作研究：量化化学合成群落与周围深海之间的生物、化学和物理联系

• 批准号: 1635219
• 负责人: Erik Cordes
• 金额: $ 43.99万
• 依托单位: Temple University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635219&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Quantifying; biological; chemical

The deep ocean supplies food, energy, novel drugs and materials, and plays essential roles in the global cycling of carbon, the nutrient replenishment for shallow waters, and the maintenance of biodiversity. Despite the crucial contribution of the deep sea to the larger functioning of global marine ecosystems, there is only a cursory understanding of this vast region and the connectivity among its communities and the rest of the oceans. Cold seeps, active areas of the seafloor where methane and other chemicals are released, are key features along the continental margins worldwide. To characterize how methane seep communities interact with the surrounding ecosystems and vice versa, the research team will study the sphere of influence around methane seeps off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, a region of the ocean with extremely active methane release and low oxygen levels. This project will map the structure and chemistry surrounding these habitats using a novel 3-dimensional framework, combining biological surveys and transplant experiments along the seafloor with vertical characterizations of the water column. This will include measurements of methane flux into the water column and changes in the overlying carbonate chemistry and oxygen levels that are critical to understanding the effects of warming, oxygen loss and ocean acidification on marine communities. Together, these studies will help evaluate the size of the seep sphere of influence, and also demonstrate the role of these seeps within the deep sea and the greater, global, marine ecosystem. The researchers will share this information with a group of teachers during a series of workshops in the San Diego area, at an interactive exhibit at the Birch Aquarium, and through the work of an artist, Lily Simonson, who will participate in the cruises and share her impressions of these environments in a traveling exhibit of her work. Chemosynthetic ecosystems are inextricably linked to the broader world-ocean biome and global biogeochemical cycles in ways that scientists are just beginning to understand. This research will identify the form, extent, and nature of the physical, chemical, and biological linkages between methane seeps and the surrounding deep-sea ecosystem. The research builds critical understanding of the structural and functional processes that underpin the ecosystem services provided by chemosynthetic ecosystems. This study will be conducted on the Pacific continental margin of Costa Rica where methane fates and dynamics play a significant role in the regional oceanographic setting. The researchers will use quantitative sampling and manipulative studies within a 3-dimensional oceanographic framework to address the following questions: (1) What are the shapes of the diversity and density functions for organisms of different size classes and trophic position over the transition from the seep habitat through the ecotone to the background deep sea? (2) How do depth, dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH and carbonate ion availability, relative rates of fluid flux, and substrate (biogenic, authigenic carbonate, sediments) alter these linkages and interactions with the surrounding deep sea. Evidence for distinct transitional communities and biotic patterns in density and alpha and beta diversity will be quantified and placed in a global biogeographic context. All of these investigations will occur across biological size spectra: for microorganisms (archaea, bacteria, microeukaryotes), the macrofauna, and the megafauna that form biogenic habitats. Research results will be interpreted in the context of potential effects of global ocean change in the equatorial Pacific to determine how the linkages with the surrounding deep sea will be altered as anthropogenic impacts proceed in the future. The researchers will communicate their results in three distinct ways. First, the team will collaborate with the Center for Research on Educational Equity, Assessment and Teaching Excellence (CREATE) to help middle and high school teachers develop tools and strategies for teaching the science practices of the national Next Generation Science Standards. The principal investigators will work with science communication specialists at Birch Aquarium at Scripps to showcase their research cruise in the new Expedition! exhibit. This exhibit will introduce the public to the planning, preparation, thrill of discovery, and process of sample analysis associated with deep-sea scientific cruises and research, while training graduate students in science communication. Finally, artist Lily Simonson will paint the science of methane seeps and their transition to background systems at sea (and on land), engage with K-12 students through social media and in-class presentations and exhibits.

深海提供食物，能量，新颖的药物和材料，并在碳的全球循环，浅水的养分补充以及生物多样性的维持中起着重要作用。尽管深海对全球海洋生态系统的更大功能有至关重要的贡献，但对这个广阔地区及其社区和其他海洋之间的连通性只有粗略的了解。冷渗水是释放甲烷和其他化学物质的海底的活跃区域，是全球大陆边缘沿线的关键特征。为了表征甲烷渗水群落如何与周围的生态系统相互作用，反之亦然，研究小组将研究哥斯达黎加太平洋海岸附近的甲烷渗水范围，这是海洋地区的甲烷释放，氧气极低，氧气水平低。该项目将使用新型的三维框架绘制围绕这些栖息地的结构和化学，将生物调查和沿着海底的移植实验与水柱的垂直表征相结合。这将包括将甲烷通量测量到水柱中，以及上覆的碳酸盐化学和氧气水平的变化，这些水平对于理解变暖，氧损失和海洋酸化对海洋群落的影响至关重要。这些研究将共同​​评估渗水范围的大小，并证明这些渗漏在深海和更大的全球海洋生态系统中的作用。研究人员将在圣地亚哥地区的一系列讲习班，在桦木水族馆的互动展上与一群教师分享此信息，并通过艺术家莉莉·西蒙森（Lily Simonson）的作品，她将参加游轮，并在旅行展览中分享她对这些环境的印象。化学合成生态系统与更广泛的世界海洋生物群落和全球生物地球化学循环密不可分，科学家刚刚开始理解。这项研究将确定甲烷渗漏与周围深海生态系统之间物理，化学和生物学联系的形式，程度和性质。该研究建立了对基于化学合成生态系统提供的生态系统服务的结构和功能过程的批判性理解。这项研究将在哥斯达黎加的太平洋大陆边缘进行，其中甲烷命运和动态在区域海洋学环境中起着重要作用。研究人员将在三维海洋学框架内使用定量抽样和操纵性研究来解决以下问题：（1）在不同尺寸类别的生物体和营养位置的多样性和密度功能的形状是什么，从Seep从Seep通过Ecotate通过Ecotone通过ecotone到背景深海的过渡？ （2）如何深度，溶解的氧浓度，pH和碳酸盐离子可用性，流体通量的相对速率和底物（生物，碳酸盐，沉积物，沉积物）改变了这些联系以及与周围深海的相互作用。将量化并将其置于全球生物地理环境中的密度和alpha和beta多样性的不同过渡群落和生物模式的证据。所有这些研究都将在生物大小的光谱中进行：对于微生物（古细菌，细菌，微核生素），大型生物群和形成生物栖息地的Megafauna。研究结果将在赤道太平洋全球海洋变化的潜在影响的背景下进行解释，以确定随着未来人为影响的影响，将如何改变与周围深海的联系。研究人员将以三种不同的方式传达其结果。首先，该团队将与教育公平，评估和卓越教学研究中心合作，以帮助中学和高中教师制定工具和策略，以教授国家下一代科学标准的科学实践。首席调查人员将与斯克里普斯桦木水族馆的科学传播专家合作，展示他们在新探险中的研究巡游！展览。该展览将向公众介绍与深海科学巡游和研究相关的样本分析的计划，准备，刺激，同时培训科学交流的研究生。最后，艺术家莉莉·西蒙森（Lily Simonson）将通过社交媒体，课堂演讲和展览来描绘甲烷渗漏的科学及其过渡到海上（以及陆地上）的背景系统，并与K-12学生互动。

项目成果

Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8562
• 发表时间: 2020-04-01
• 期刊: SCIENCE ADVANCES
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Goffredi, Shana K.;Tilic, Ekin;Orphan, Victoria J.
• 通讯作者: Orphan, Victoria J.