Collaborative Research: Viral Reefscapes: The Role of Viruses in Coral Reef Health, Disease, and Biogeochemical Cycling

合作研究：病毒礁景观：病毒在珊瑚礁健康、疾病和生物地球化学循环中的作用

• 批准号: 1635798
• 负责人: Adrienne Simoes Correa
• 金额: $ 35.51万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Viral; Reefscapes; Role

Ecologically and economically, coral reefs are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. These habitats are estimated to harbor up to nine million species, contribute ~30 billion US dollars annually to the global economy, and are tropical epicenters of biogeochemical cycling. Global (climate change) and local (nutrient pollution and overfishing) stressors are drivers of coral reef decline that can disrupt the symbiotic associations among corals and resident microbial communities, including dinoflagellate algae, bacteria, and viruses. Viruses interact with all living cellular organisms, are abundant in oceans, and integral to marine ecosystem functioning. This project will be the first to quantify the variability of viral infection in corals across different reef habitats and across time. This will increase our understanding of the total diversity of coral viruses and illuminate the full suite of factors that trigger viral outbreaks on reefs. At the same time the project will evaluate how carbon and nitrogen cycling are altered on coral reefs as a result of global and local stressors that trigger viral infection. This project will ultimately broaden our understanding of the impacts of viruses on reefs beyond their role as putative disease agents. Results of the project will be communicated broadly in scientific arenas, in K-12, undergraduate, and graduate education and training programs, and to the general public through video and multimedia productions, as well as outreach events. 2-D Reef Replicas from our field sites across Moorea will be constructed, allowing children and adults in the US and French Polynesia to 'become' marine scientists and use quadrats, transect tapes, and identification guides to quantify metrics of reef change. Three graduate students will be involved in all aspects of the research and an effort will be made to recruit and support minority students. All datasets will be made freely available to the public and newly developed methods from this project will serve as an important set of springboard tools and baselines for future lines of inquiry into the processes that influence reef health. Coral reefs, found in nutrient-poor shallow waters, are biodiversity and productivity hotspots that provide substantial ecological and societal benefits. Corals energetically subsidize these oligotrophic ecosystems by releasing significant amounts of mucus (an organic carbon and nitrogen-rich matrix) into the surrounding seawater. Viral production in reef waters can be a significant portion of total reef carbon cycling, accounting for ~10% of gross benthic carbon fixation in reef ecosystems. Viruses are also ~10 times more abundant on coral surfaces than in the water column meaning that viral infection experienced by corals during stress likely results is an increase in carbon and perhaps nitrogen flux to the water column. Thus phages and eukaryotic viruses may be responsible for shifting reef health and function directly via coral and symbiont infection and by altering biogeochemical cycling in host colonies and the adjacent reef system. The main goal of this project is to experimentally interrogate and then model the links among viral infections, declines in coral and reef health, and associated shifts in biogeochemical cycling in reef ecosystems. Lab and field experiments will be conducted at the Moorea Coral Reef LTER to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of viruses within two dominant reef-building coral species that differ in their susceptibility to abiotic stress. A novel viral infection and induction approach will be coupled with stable isotopic pulse-chase experiments to quantify and track carbon and nitrogen flux out of coral holobionts (host and microbial symbionts) and into dissolved and particulate pools. In these experiments, virus, bacteria, and symbiont abundance, diversity, and function will be measured simultaneously with the health and activity of the host. Pulse-chase techniques, as well as flux- and niche-based modeling, will result in a holistic understanding of how corals and associated viruses impact reef energy budgets and the ramifications of carbon and nitrogen flux for reef communities. Ultimately, this project will quantify and describe an integrated mechanism by which environmental stressors alter viral, microbial, and coral diversity and, consequently, ecosystem function.

珊瑚礁是地球上最有价值的生态系统之一。据估计，这些栖息地拥有多达900万种物种，每年为全球经济贡献约300亿美元，并且是地球化学循环的热带中心。全球（气候变化）和当地（营养污染和过度捕捞）的压力是珊瑚礁衰退的驱动因素，可能会破坏珊瑚和居民微生物群落之间的共生关系，包括甲藻藻类，细菌和病毒。病毒与所有活的细胞生物体相互作用，在海洋中大量存在，是海洋生态系统功能的组成部分。该项目将是第一个量化不同珊瑚礁栖息地和不同时间的珊瑚病毒感染变异性的项目。这将增加我们对珊瑚病毒总体多样性的理解，并阐明引发珊瑚礁病毒爆发的全套因素。与此同时，该项目将评估碳和氮循环是如何由于全球和当地的压力而改变珊瑚礁上的病毒感染。该项目将最终扩大我们对病毒对珊瑚礁的影响的理解，而不仅仅是它们作为假定的疾病病原体的作用。该项目的结果将在科学领域，K-12，本科和研究生教育和培训计划中广泛传播，并通过视频和多媒体制作以及外联活动向公众传播。我们将在整个莫雷阿岛的现场建造2D珊瑚礁复制品，让美国和法属波利尼西亚的儿童和成年人“成为”海洋科学家，并使用样方、样带和识别指南来量化珊瑚礁变化的指标。三名研究生将参与研究的各个方面，并将努力招募和支持少数民族学生。所有数据集将免费向公众提供，该项目新开发的方法将作为一套重要的跳板工具和基线，用于未来调查影响珊瑚礁健康的过程。在营养贫乏的浅水沃茨发现的珊瑚礁是生物多样性和生产力的热点，提供了巨大的生态和社会效益。珊瑚通过向周围的海水释放大量的粘液（一种富含有机碳和氮的基质）来大力补贴这些贫营养生态系统。珊瑚礁沃茨中的病毒生产可能是珊瑚礁碳循环总量的重要组成部分，约占珊瑚礁生态系统中底栖生物固碳总量的10%。病毒在珊瑚表面的含量也比在水柱中的含量高10倍，这意味着珊瑚在压力期间经历的病毒感染可能导致碳和氮通量增加到水柱中。因此，细菌和真核病毒可能是负责改变珊瑚礁的健康和功能，直接通过珊瑚和共生体感染，并通过改变宿主殖民地和邻近的珊瑚礁系统的生态地球化学循环。该项目的主要目标是实验性地询问并模拟病毒感染、珊瑚和珊瑚礁健康下降以及珊瑚礁生态系统中生物地球化学循环的相关变化之间的联系。将在莫雷阿珊瑚礁LTER进行实验室和实地实验，以描述两种主要造礁珊瑚物种内病毒的时空动态，这两种珊瑚物种对非生物胁迫的敏感性不同。一种新的病毒感染和诱导方法将与稳定同位素脉冲追踪实验相结合，以量化和跟踪珊瑚全生物（宿主和微生物共生体）中的碳和氮通量，并进入溶解和颗粒池。在这些实验中，病毒、细菌和共生体的丰度、多样性和功能将与宿主的健康和活动同时测量。脉冲追踪技术，以及通量和生态位为基础的建模，将导致珊瑚和相关病毒如何影响珊瑚礁能源预算和珊瑚礁社区的碳和氮通量的后果的全面了解。最终，该项目将量化和描述一个综合机制，环境压力改变病毒，微生物和珊瑚多样性，从而改变生态系统功能。

项目成果

Nitrate enrichment has lineage specific effects on Pocillopora acuta adults, but no transgenerational effects in planulae

硝酸盐富集对尖球菌 (Pocillopora acuta) 成虫具有谱系特异性影响，但对浮浪藻没有跨代影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s00338-022-02236-9
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Coral Reefs
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Strader, Marie E.;Howe-Kerr, Lauren I.;Sims, Jordan A.;Speare, Kelly E.;Shore, Amanda N.;Burkepile, Deron E.;Correa, Adrienne M.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M.

Consumer feces impact coral health in guild-specific ways

消费者粪便以特定方式影响珊瑚健康

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1110346
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Grupstra, Carsten G.;Howe-Kerr, Lauren I.;van der Meulen, Jesse A.;Veglia, Alex J.;Coy, Samantha R.;Correa, Adrienne M.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M.

Symbiont community diversity is more variable in corals that respond poorly to stress

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14999
• 发表时间: 2020-02-12
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Howe-Kerr, Lauren I.;Bachelot, Benedicte;Correa, Adrienne M. S.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M. S.

Coral Bleaching Phenotypes Associated With Differential Abundances of Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses

与核胞质大 DNA 病毒丰度差异相关的珊瑚白化表型

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.555474
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Messyasz, Adriana;Rosales, Stephanie M.;Mueller, Ryan S.;Sawyer, Teresa;Correa, Adrienne M.;Thurber, Andrew R.;Vega Thurber, Rebecca
• 通讯作者: Vega Thurber, Rebecca

Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01194-y
• 发表时间: 2022-01-19
• 期刊: ISME JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 11
• 作者: Grupstra, Carsten G. B.;Howe-Kerr, Lauren, I;Correa, Adrienne M. S.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M. S.