BD Spokes:PLANNING: MIDWEST: Networked Resilience of Communities Facing Natural and Social Emergencies

民间社会面临的关键挑战之一是应对自然灾害或人为灾害造成的紧急情况，如大洪水、龙卷风或社会动乱。复原力是社区利用现有资源计划、应对不利情况并从中恢复的持续能力，这是至关重要的，可以通过系统、科学的过程来提高。该项目将研究通过集成和联网的数据资源以及适当的分析来利用大数据为准备、响应和恢复流程带来好处的潜力。该项目将把州、县和市各级的灾难应对领导者与数据科学家聚集在一起，制定一项计划，以利用现有数据，并利用以前未开发的数据进行紧急响应和恢复。潜在的好处包括改进对事件及其影响的预测，更有效地利用资源，增强应对期间的情况意识，以及改进恢复规划。该项目还将界定与数据共享和管理政策有关的问题，并可能导致制定新的政策模式。经验丰富的应急管理人员和数据科学家之间的互动将揭示有助于规划、响应和恢复的数据和工具的新颖组合。该项目还有可能建立一个实践社区，专注于中西部几个州的复原力和事件响应方面的数据。该项目将解决几个关键挑战。首先，涉及到的数据在数量、速度和复杂性方面都是“大”的。其次，所有的应急和灾难响应都是在美国当地控制的，每个司法管辖区传统上都负责收集自己的设备和资源数据，这导致跨地区和随时间收集的数据的格式和类型存在差异。第三，跨司法管辖区的数据共享产生了与数据所有权和隐私相关的问题，需要制定政策和管理制度。第四，大量数据是非结构化的。为了应对这些挑战，该小组将召集一组具有代表性的利益攸关方和专家，分五个步骤制定关于综合数据资源可对社区复原力做出贡献的要求和建议。利益相关者将包括应急和治安、公共卫生、州和地方政府领导人、主题专家、数据科学家和代表中西部几个州的分析师。与会者将确定关键问题、回答这些问题所需的数据类型，以及哪些产出将有助于复原力。该团队还将确定应参与完整项目的利益相关者的全面列表，以及衡量项目成功的指标。参与的州包括伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州和北达科他州。该产品将是一个计划，将这一努力带入下一个阶段，实施社区在灾难和紧急情况下的复原力数据资源。

One of the critical challenges civil societies face is coping with emergencies due to natural or human-created disasters, such as major floods, tornadoes, or civic unrest. Resilience, the sustained ability of a community to utilize available resources to plan for, respond to, and recover from adverse situations, is critical and can be improved by a systematic, scientific process. This project will investigate the potential for Big Data-- harnessed through integrated and networked data resources, along with the proper analytics--to benefit preparation, response, and recovery processes. The project will bring together leaders in disaster response at state, county, and city levels with data scientists to craft a plan to capitalize on existing data and to utilize previously untapped data for emergency response and recovery. Potential benefits include improved forecasting of incidents and their impacts, more efficient and effective utilization of resources, enhanced situational awareness during response, and improved planning for recovery. The project will also define issues related to policies for data sharing and management and may lead to the development of new policy models. The interaction between experienced emergency management personnel and data scientists will disclose novel combinations of data and tools that can benefit planning, response, and recovery. The project also has the potential to develop a community of practice focused on data in resilience and incident response in several Midwestern states. The project will tackle several key challenges. First, the data involved are "big" in terms of volume, velocity, and complexity. Second, all emergency and disaster response is locally controlled in the U.S., and each jurisdiction has traditionally been responsible for collecting its own data regarding equipment and resources, which introduces variability in format and types of data collected across locales and over time. Third, data sharing across jurisdictions creates issues related to ownership of data and privacy that require the development of policies and administrative regimes. Fourth, a great deal of the data is unstructured. To address these challenges, the team will convene a representative set of stakeholders and experts in five step process to develop requirements and recommendations concerning the contributions an integrated data resource can make to community resilience. The stakeholders will include leaders in emergency response and policing, public health, state and local government, subject matter experts, data scientists, and analysts representing several Midwestern states. Participants will define key questions, the types of data needed to answer them, and what outputs would be contribute to resilience. The team will also identify a comprehensive list of stakeholders who should be involved in a full project and metrics for measuring success of the project. Participating states include Illinois, Indiana, and North Dakota. The product will be a plan set to take this effort to the next stage, implementation of data resources for community resilience in the face of disaster and emergencies.