Meeting: The Ecology of Exercise: Mechanisms Underlying Individual Variation in Movement Behavior, Activity, or Performance, New Orleans, LA, January 4-8 2017

会议：运动生态学：运动行为、活动或表现的个体差异背后的机制，路易斯安那州新奥尔良，2017 年 1 月 4 日至 8 日

• 批准号: 1637178
• 负责人: Ryan Calsbeek
• 金额: $ 0.92万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637178&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Meeting; Ecology; Exercise; Mechanisms; Underlying

Human life is hard work: getting an education, working, raising children, paying the mortgage, etc. But how hard do free-living animals work during their routine day-to-day activities, such as when breeding, escaping predators, finding food, or choosing a mate? What determines how hard individuals will work on specific activities? Can the term "exercise", perhaps defined as activity for the sake of improving or maintaining performance be applied to these routine behaviors? Is there evidence that free-living animals "train" to improve performance prior to onset of high levels of activity? Can animals work too hard, such that they pay costs of high levels of activity? Until recently, much work on animal movement has been based in the laboratory and has been divorced from ecological context. However, there have been rapid, recent advances in animal tracking technology which are giving biologists an unprecedented ability to track continuously the behavior of individual free-living animals. This will allow researchers to directly address the questions posed above, advancing our understanding of just how hard free-living animals work and why some individuals might work harder than others. By combining the power of recent technological advances in animal tracking or "bio-logging" (automated radio-tracking arrays, geolocators, GPS, accelerometers), with complex, multivariate behavioral and physiological analysis biologists can address three key themes: a) individual variation in the intensity of movement, behavior or performance in response to challenging ecological scenarios; b) physiological mechanisms underlying this individual variation, and c) fitness consequences of individual variation in work-load of free-living animals. This full-day symposium on The Ecology of Exercise will bring together speakers covering a wide range of animal taxa, and different types of activity, behavior or performance. The topics will address multiple levels of organization, such as immunological response, ontogenetic stages, and kinesiology aspects of performance. The breadth of this symposium is expected to attract a broad audience and a substantial number of submissions for the associated paper and poster presentation sessions, particularly from students who are training in related areas of science. A special issue of Integrative and Comparative Biology will be produced featuring papers from the symposium talks.

人生是艰苦的工作：接受教育，工作，抚养孩子，支付抵押贷款，等等。但是，自由生活的动物在日常活动中，如繁殖，逃避捕食者，寻找食物或选择配偶时，工作有多辛苦呢？是什么决定了个人在具体活动中的努力程度？“锻炼”这个术语，也许可以定义为为了提高或保持表现而进行的活动，是否可以适用于这些常规行为？是否有证据表明，自由生活的动物“训练”，以提高性能之前开始高水平的活动？动物会不会工作太辛苦，以至于付出高水平活动的代价？直到最近，许多关于动物运动的研究都是在实验室中进行的，与生态环境脱节。然而，最近动物跟踪技术的快速发展使生物学家拥有了前所未有的能力，可以连续跟踪单个自由生活的动物的行为。这将使研究人员能够直接解决上述问题，促进我们对自由生活的动物工作有多努力以及为什么有些人可能比其他人工作更努力的理解。通过结合动物追踪或“生物记录”的最新技术进步，（自动无线电跟踪阵列、地理定位器、GPS、加速度计），通过复杂的、多变量的行为和生理分析，生物学家可以解决三个关键主题：a）个体在运动强度、行为或表现方面的差异，以应对具有挑战性的生态情景; B）这种个体差异的生理机制，和c）自由生活动物的工作负荷的个体差异的适应性后果。这一整天的研讨会上的生态运动将汇集扬声器涵盖了广泛的动物类群，和不同类型的活动，行为或性能。这些主题将涉及组织的多个层次，如免疫反应，个体发育阶段和运动机能方面的性能。这次研讨会的广度预计将吸引广泛的观众和大量的提交相关的论文和海报介绍会议，特别是谁是在相关科学领域的培训学生。综合和比较生物学的特刊将以专题讨论会的论文为特色。