LTER: CAP IV: Design with Nature: A Framework for Exploring Urban Ecology and Sustainability

LTER：CAP IV：自然设计：探索城市生态和可持续性的框架

• 批准号: 1637590
• 负责人: Daniel Childers
• 金额: $ 225.4万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637590&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; CAP; IV; Design; Nature

Humans are becoming an increasingly urban species, pointing to the profound importance of understanding how urban ecosystems function. Cities are concentrated consumers of energy and resources and producers of various wastes, but they are also centers of social networks, innovation, efficiency, and solutions. The Central Arizona Phoenix Long-term Ecological Research Program (CAP LTER) includes scientists and students from a variety of disciplines focused on understanding cities as hybrid ecosystems with interacting environmental and human components. The scientific objectives guiding this research are: 1) to answer fundamental questions about ecological structure and function of urban ecosystems that require a long-term perspective and 2) to develop general theory and models to deepen understanding of cities as social-ecological systems. The CAP science program includes innovative investigations of land use and land cover change, social and ecological surveys and long-term experiments designed to test hypotheses about social and biophysical factors influencing energy flow, nutrient cycling and food webs in the city of Phoenix. In addition, CAP researchers are committed to partnering with stakeholders to develop pathways to designing resilient and sustainable cities, and educating urban dwellers of all ages and experiences. Ecology Explorers, the premier CAP education program, connects teachers and pre-college students with CAP scientists. CAP is also expanding the involvement of Phoenix residents in scientific research by working with community partners such as the McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, the Central Arizona Conservation Alliance, the Desert Botanical Garden, the Valley Permaculture Alliance, and numerous municipal agencies. Finally, the large, diverse, and rich database produced by CAP research continues to be a valuable and growing resource for a global community of scientists and students, city managers and decision makers, teachers, and the general public.Understanding the structure and function of urban ecosystems remains central to the CAP enterprise. The central question is: How do the services provided by dynamic urban ecosystems and their infrastructure affect human outcomes and behavior, and how do human actions affect patterns of urban ecosystem structure and function and, ultimately, urban sustainability and resilience? This question highlights the interconnectedness of human motivations, behaviors, actions, and outcomes with physical and biological structure and function in urban ecosystems. The overarching goal is to foster social-ecological urban research aimed at understanding these complex systems using a holistic, ecology of cities perspective while contributing to an ecology for cities that enhances urban sustainability and resilience. A new theoretical focus is on urban infrastructure as a critical bridge between the system's biophysical and human/social components. Infrastructure is thus central to the conceptual framework that guides all CAP activities. CAP researchers explore new social-ecological frontiers of interdisciplinary urban ecology in residential landscapes, urban waterbodies, desert parks and preserves, the flora, fauna, and climate of a riparianized desert city, and urban design and governance. Research activities are organized around eight interdisciplinary questions and 11 long-term datasets and experiments, and researchers are organized into eight Interdisciplinary Research Themes to ensure multiple perspectives are brought to bear on all questions. This structure will ensure CAP continues to make fundamental contributions to urban systems theory, knowledge, and predictive capacity while helping Phoenix and other cities cope with an increasingly uncertain future.

人类正在成为一个越来越城市化的物种，这表明了解城市生态系统如何运作的重要性。城市是能源和资源的集中消费者以及各种废物的生产者，但它们也是社交网络、创新、效率和解决方案的中心。亚利桑那州中部凤凰城长期生态研究计划（CAP LTER）包括来自不同学科的科学家和学生，他们专注于将城市理解为具有相互作用的环境和人类组成部分的混合生态系统。指导这项研究的科学目标是：1）回答需要长期视角的城市生态系统的生态结构和功能的基本问题; 2）开发一般理论和模型，以加深对城市作为社会生态系统的理解。 CAP科学计划包括对土地利用和土地覆盖变化的创新调查，社会和生态调查以及旨在测试有关影响凤凰城能量流，营养循环和食物网的社会和生物物理因素的假设的长期实验。 此外，CAP研究人员致力于与利益相关者合作，开发设计具有弹性和可持续发展的城市的途径，并教育所有年龄和经验的城市居民。生态探险家，首屈一指的CAP教育计划，连接教师和大学预科学生与CAP科学家。CAP还通过与社区合作伙伴合作，如麦克道尔索诺兰保护协会，亚利桑那州中部保护联盟，沙漠植物园，山谷永久性耕作联盟和许多市政机构，扩大凤凰城居民参与科学研究。最后，CAP研究产生的大型、多样和丰富的数据库仍然是科学家和学生、城市管理者和决策者、教师和公众的全球社区的宝贵和不断增长的资源。了解城市生态系统的结构和功能仍然是CAP事业的核心。核心问题是：动态城市生态系统及其基础设施提供的服务如何影响人类的结果和行为，人类行为如何影响城市生态系统结构和功能的模式，并最终影响城市的可持续性和复原力？这个问题强调了人类的动机、行为、行动和结果与城市生态系统的物理和生物结构和功能之间的相互联系。总体目标是促进社会生态城市研究，旨在使用整体的城市生态视角来理解这些复杂的系统，同时为增强城市可持续性和复原力的城市生态做出贡献。一个新的理论重点是城市基础设施作为系统的生物物理和人类/社会组成部分之间的重要桥梁。因此，基础设施是指导所有联合呼吁程序活动的概念框架的核心。CAP的研究人员在住宅景观，城市水体，沙漠公园和保护区，植物群，动物群和河岸化沙漠城市的气候以及城市设计和治理方面探索跨学科城市生态学的新社会生态学前沿。研究活动围绕8个跨学科问题和11个长期数据集和实验进行组织，研究人员被组织成8个跨学科研究主题，以确保多个视角对所有问题产生影响。 这种结构将确保CAP继续为城市系统理论、知识和预测能力做出根本性贡献，同时帮助凤凰城和其他城市科普日益不确定的未来。

项目成果

Opportunities and Challenges for Personal Heat Exposure Research.

个人热暴露研究的机会和挑战。

• DOI: 10.1289/ehp556
• 发表时间: 2017-08-01
• 期刊: Environmental health perspectives
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: Kuras ER;Richardson MB;Calkins MM;Ebi KL;Hess JJ;Kintziger KW;Jagger MA;Middel A;Scott AA;Spector JT;Uejio CK;Vanos JK;Zaitchik BF;Gohlke JM;Hondula DM
• 通讯作者: Hondula DM

A multi-city comparison of front and backyard differences in plant species diversity and nitrogen cycling in residential landscapes

住宅景观中植物物种多样性和氮循环前后院差异的多城市比较

• DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.030
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Landscape and Urban Planning
• 影响因子: 9.1
• 作者: Locke, Dexter H.;Avolio, Meghan;Trammell, Tara L.E.;Roy Chowdhury, Rinku;Morgan Grove, J.;Rogan, John;Martin, Deborah G.;Bettez, Neil;Cavender-Bares, Jeannine;Groffman, Peter M.
• 通讯作者: Groffman, Peter M.

Measuring Human Water Needs

• DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23350
• 发表时间: 2019-11-08
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Wutich, Amber;Rosinger, Asher Y.;Brewis, Alexandra
• 通讯作者: Brewis, Alexandra

Democratization of ecosystem services—a radical approach for assessing nature’s benefits in the face of urbanization

生态系统服务民主化——在城市化进程中评估自然效益的激进方法

• DOI: 10.1080/20964129.2018.1480905
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: McHale, Melissa R.;Beck, Scott M.;Pickett, Steward T. A.;Childers, Daniel L.;Cadenasso, Mary L.;Rivers, III, Louie;Swemmer, Louise;Ebersohn, Liesel;Twine, Wayne;Bunn, David N.
• 通讯作者: Bunn, David N.

Does ecosystem services valuation reflect local cultural valuations? Comparative analysis of resident perspectives in four major urban river ecosystems: Ecosystem Services Valuation

生态系统服务估值是否反映了当地文化估值？

• DOI: 10.1002/sea2.12128
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Economic Anthropology
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: du Bray, Margaret V.;Stotts, Rhian;Beresford, Melissa;Wutich, Amber;Brewis, Alexandra
• 通讯作者: Brewis, Alexandra