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Cold stress, protein, brown adipose tissue, and human skeletal phenotype

冷应激、蛋白质、棕色脂肪组织和人类骨骼表型

基本信息

批准号：
1638553
负责人：
Maureen Devlin Hamalainen
金额：
$ 23.55万
依托单位：
Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1638553&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Cold stress protein brown adipose

项目摘要

Biological anthropologists are interested in understanding how modern human populations have adapted over time to a wide range of environments, including different climates. The goal of this project is to understand how a specific kind of fat, called brown adipose tissue or brown fat, helps humans keep warm in the cold, and how the combination of diet, exercise, and brown fat affects the way the skeleton grows in people who are adapted to different climates. The bones of people alive today are less strong than the bones of our ancestors. This trend is probably partly the result of decreased exercise, but the researchers want to understand whether changes in temperature (such as living in heated homes) and/or diet also contribute. This research will advance the career of a female scientist and two female graduate students, one of whom is African American. The investigators will present workshops on bone health to high school students about how diet, temperature, and exercise affect bone health and develop a hands-on bone measurement activity with the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History.This proposal tests a new model called TEMPS (Thermogenesis, Energy, Mechanical loading, Protein, and the Skeleton) to integrate the effects of temperature, diet, and exercise on skeletal phenotype. The research will focus on how a type of fat called brown adipose tissue, or brown fat, helps develop strong bones. Brown fat burns energy to produce heat, and individuals with more brown fat also tend to have stronger bones, although it is not clear why. The study will test the hypothesis that eating a high fat/high protein diet made it easier for human ancestors to move into cold climates by providing fatty acids and protein for non-shivering thermogenesis, and that this diet, combined with cold stress and exercise, contributed to bone strength in cold-adapted populations. The researchers will use a combination of controlled experiments in mice and comparative studies in human skeletons to test their model. They will study skeletal growth in young mice raised at cool, standard, or warm temperatures and fed either standard or high-protein diets. Some mice will also have cage wheels for exercise. The researchers will collect data from mice including food intake, body mass, brown fat mass, bone mineral density, bone size and shape, and bone strength. These data will be compared to microcomputed tomography data from museum skeletons of cold- and heat-adapted humans, to see if they show similar patterns. The results will show whether cold exposure, high protein diet, and exercise make bones stronger, and identify new ways to maximize bone mass in young people, in order to reduce osteoporosis later in life. The data will also improve our understanding of skeletal development in hominins such as humans and Neanderthals that are adapted to colder or warmer climates.

生物人类学家有兴趣了解现代人类如何随着时间的推移适应各种环境，包括不同的气候。该项目的目标是了解一种特定的脂肪，称为棕色脂肪组织或棕色脂肪，如何帮助人类在寒冷中保持温暖，以及饮食，运动和棕色脂肪的组合如何影响适应不同气候的人的骨骼生长方式。今天活着的人的骨骼不如我们祖先的骨骼坚固。这种趋势可能部分是由于运动减少，但研究人员想了解温度变化（如生活在加热的房屋中）和/或饮食是否也有影响。这项研究将促进一名女科学家和两名女研究生的职业生涯，其中一名是非洲裔美国人。研究人员将为高中生举办关于饮食、温度和运动如何影响骨骼健康的研讨会，并与密歇根大学自然历史博物馆合作开展一项实际操作的骨骼测量活动。该提案测试了一种名为TEMPS（产热、能量、机械负荷、蛋白质和骨骼）的新模型，以整合温度、饮食和运动对骨骼表型的影响。这项研究将集中在一种称为棕色脂肪组织的脂肪，或棕色脂肪，如何帮助发展强壮的骨骼。棕色脂肪燃烧能量产生热量，拥有更多棕色脂肪的人也往往拥有更强壮的骨骼，尽管原因尚不清楚。这项研究将测试这样一个假设，即吃高脂肪/高蛋白饮食使人类祖先更容易进入寒冷的气候，通过提供脂肪酸和蛋白质来实现非颤抖的产热作用，并且这种饮食，结合冷应激和锻炼，有助于骨骼强度在冷适应人群中。研究人员将使用小鼠对照实验和人类骨骼比较研究的组合来测试他们的模型。他们将研究在凉爽、标准或温暖的温度下饲养的幼鼠的骨骼生长，并喂食标准或高蛋白饮食。一些老鼠也会有笼子轮子来锻炼。研究人员将收集小鼠的数据，包括食物摄入量，体重，棕色脂肪量，骨矿物质密度，骨骼大小和形状以及骨骼强度。这些数据将与来自博物馆的冷适应和热适应人类骨骼的微计算机断层扫描数据进行比较，看看它们是否显示出相似的模式。研究结果将显示寒冷暴露、高蛋白饮食和运动是否会使骨骼更强壮，并确定使年轻人骨量最大化的新方法，以减少晚年的骨质疏松症。这些数据还将提高我们对人类和尼安德特人等适应较冷或较暖气候的古人类骨骼发育的理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（13）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Exercise increases nonshivering thermogenesis but not bone mass during cold exposure in a mouse model of humans.

在人类小鼠模型中，在寒冷暴露期间，运动会增加非颤抖产热作用，但不会增加骨量。

DOI：
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
American journal of physical anthropology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Robbins, A;Tom, C;Cosman, M;Tutino, R;Spencer, TM;Moursi, C;Hurwitz, R;Devlin, MJ
通讯作者：
Devlin, MJ

The potential role of phenotypic plasticity in the adaptation of nasal turbinates to cold environment

表型可塑性在鼻甲适应寒冷环境中的潜在作用

DOI：
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
American journal of biological anthropology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Magne, L;Maréchal, L;Devlin, MJ;Heuzé, Y
通讯作者：
Heuzé, Y

Exercise increases UCP1 expression but decreases trabecular hone acquisition in mice during cold exposure and at thermoneutrality

运动会增加小鼠在寒冷暴露和热中性条件下 UCP1 的表达，但会减少小梁骨的获得

DOI：
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Journal of bone and mineral research
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Robbins, A;Tom, C;Tutino, R;Cosman, MN;Spencer, TM;Moursi, C;Hurwitz, R;Devlin, MJ
通讯作者：
Devlin, MJ

High fat diet increases diet-induced thermogenesis in cold exposure and at thermoneutrality

高脂肪饮食增加了寒冷暴露和热中性时饮食诱导的生热作用

DOI：
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
American journal of physical anthropology
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Spencer, T;Robbins, A;Tom, C;Cosman, M;Moursi, C;Devlin, MJ
通讯作者：
Devlin, MJ

Nonshivering thermogenesis, body temperature, and bone mass in a model of cold-dwelling humans

寒冷居住人类模型中的非颤抖产热、体温和骨量

DOI：
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
American journal of biological anthropology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Stokel A;Richman A;Schuler M;Tutino R;Cosman M;Hurwitz R;Hermsmeyer I;Devlin MJ
通讯作者：
Devlin MJ