EAGER: Elucidating the Antarctic Methane Cycle at the Cinder Cones Reducing Habitat.

渴望：阐明煤渣锥还原栖息地的南极甲烷循环。

• 批准号: 1642570
• 负责人: Andrew Thurber
• 金额: $ 12.33万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642570&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Elucidating; Antarctic; Methane; Cycle

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is naturally emitted into the oceans by geologic seeps and microbial production. Based on studies of persistent deep-sea seeps at mid- and northern latitudes, researchers have learned that bacteria and archaea can create a "sediment filter" that oxidizes methane prior to its release. Antarctica is thought to contain large reservoirs of organic carbon buried beneath its ice which could a quantity of methane equivalent to all of the permafrost in the Arctic and yet we know almost nothing about the methane oxidizing microbes in this region. How these microbial communities develop and potentially respond to fluctuations in methane levels is an under-explored avenue of research. A bacterial mat was recently discovered at 78 degrees south, suggesting the possible presence of a methane seep, and associated microbial communities. This project will explore this environment in detail to assess the levels and origin of methane, and the nature of the microbial ecosystem present. An expansive bacterial mat appeared and/or was discovered at 78 degrees south in 2011. This site, near McMurdo Station Antarctica, has been visited since the mid-1960s, but this mat was not observed until 2011. The finding of this site provides an unusual opportunity to study an Antarctic marine benthic habitat with active methane cycling and to examine the dynamics of recruitment and community succession of seep fauna including bacteria, archaea, protists and metazoans. This project will collect the necessary baseline data to facilitate further studies of Antarctic methane cycling. The concentration and source of methane will be determined at this site and at potentially analogous sites in McMurdo Sound. In addition to biogeochemical characterization of the sites, molecular analysis of the microbial community will quantify the time scales on which bacteria and archaea respond to methane input and provide information on rates of community development and succession in the Southern Ocean. Project activities will facilitate the training of at least one graduate student and results will be shared at both local and international levels. A female graduate student will be mentored as part of this project and data collected will form part of her dissertation. Lectures will be given in K-12 classrooms in Oregon to excite students about polar science. National and international audiences will be reached through blogs and presentations at a scientific conference. The PI's previous blogs have been used by K-12 classrooms as part of their lesson plans and followed in over 65 countries.

甲烷是一种强大的温室气体，通过地质渗漏和微生物生产自然排放到海洋中。 根据对中纬度和北方纬度持续深海渗漏的研究，研究人员了解到细菌和古细菌可以形成一个“沉积物过滤器”，在甲烷释放之前将其氧化。南极洲被认为含有大量埋在冰层下的有机碳，其甲烷量相当于北极所有的永久冻土，但我们对该地区的甲烷氧化微生物几乎一无所知。 这些微生物群落如何发展并对甲烷水平的波动做出潜在反应是一个未被探索的研究途径。 最近在南纬78度发现了一个细菌垫，表明可能存在甲烷渗漏和相关的微生物群落。 该项目将详细探索这种环境，以评估甲烷的水平和来源，以及目前微生物生态系统的性质。 2011年，在南纬78度出现和/或发现了一个膨胀的细菌垫。这个地点靠近南极洲的麦默多站，自20世纪60年代中期以来就有人参观过，但这个垫子直到2011年才被观察到。这个网站的发现提供了一个不寻常的机会，研究南极海洋底栖生物栖息地与活跃的甲烷循环，并检查招聘和社区演替的渗漏动物，包括细菌，古细菌，原生生物和后生动物的动态。该项目将收集必要的基线数据，以促进对南极甲烷循环的进一步研究。 将在该地点和麦克默多湾的潜在类似地点确定甲烷的浓度和来源。 除了这些地点的生物地球化学特征外，对微生物群落的分子分析将量化细菌和古菌对甲烷输入作出反应的时间尺度，并提供关于南大洋群落发展和演替速度的信息。 项目活动将促进至少一名研究生的培训，并将在地方和国际两级分享成果。作为该项目的一部分，将指导一名女研究生，收集的数据将成为她论文的一部分。讲座将在俄勒冈州的K-12教室举行，以激发学生对极地科学的兴趣。将通过博客和在科学会议上的演讲接触国内和国际观众。PI以前的博客已经被K-12教室用作他们课程计划的一部分，并在65个国家受到关注。

项目成果

Heterogeneity of methane seep biomes in the Northeast Pacific

东北太平洋甲烷渗漏生物群落的异质性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.10.016
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Topical studies in oceanography
• 作者: Seabrook, S.

Flipping for Food: The Use of a Methane Seep by Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri)

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00043
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Sarah Seabrook;F. D. De Leo;A. Thurber

Massive crab recruitment events to the shallow subtidal zone

潮下浅带大规模螃蟹招募活动

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1740
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Galloway, Aaron W.;Shanks, Alan L.;Groth, Scott;Marion, Scott R.;Thurber, Andrew R.
• 通讯作者: Thurber, Andrew R.