INSPIRE: Search for Records of the Hadean Dynamo from Detrital Zircons

INSPIRE：从碎屑锆石中寻找冥宙发电机的记录

• 批准号: 1647504
• 负责人: Benjamin Weiss
• 金额: $ 84.86万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647504&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INSPIRE; Search; Records; Hadean; Dynamo

This is an INSPIRE award, which is being co-funded by programs in the Geoscience Directorate (Geophysics Program, Petrology and Geochemistry Program) and Math and Physical Sciences Directorate (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Experimental Physics), as well as co-funding from OIA-INSPIRE and OISE. The Earth's magnetic field is generated by fluid motions in the metallic core, a process known as the geodynamo. The time of origin and intensity of the geodynamo during the first ~1 billion years of Earth history are essentially unknown. The geodynamo's early history has major implications for the thermal evolution of the planet, the physics of magnetic field generation, and the habitability of the early Earth. The only minerals of which we are aware that might record the field during this earliest epoch are zircon (ZrSiO4) crystals found in sedimentary rocks in Western Australia. Ranging up to 4.38 billion years in age, they are the oldest known terrestrial minerals. Here the investigating team has developed a project to measure the magnetization of these crystals, supported by the Integrated NSF Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE) program, that could finally determine the geodynamo's time of origin and earliest evolution. This project is an international collaboration between geophysicists, geochemists, geologists, and physicists from seven institutions and includes leaders in ultrahigh sensitivity magnetometry, quantum science, radiometric dating, field geology, mineralogy, and stable isotope geochemistry. It supports the development of next-generation magnetometry techniques for the analysis of extremely weakly magnetic materials and geochemical techniques for determining the alteration histories of samples from the early Earth. It also funds the training of graduate students at three universities, who will participate in the international field work to collect samples, as well as in the interdisciplinary science.The central challenge of this project is to determine the time of origin of the zircons' magnetization. Prior paleomagnetic, geochemical and mineralogical analyses have shown that the host rocks and many zircons have been pervasively remagnetized well after they formed. This team proposes to determine the thermal and alteration histories and study the remanent magnetization of numerous zircons older than 4 billion years from Western Australia. To achieve this, they will characterize the geology and stratigraphy of the zircon host rocks and determine zircon ages using U-Pb geochronometry. They will analyze the extremely weak magnetizations of the zircons using two new ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometry techniques: superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy (SM) and quantum diamond magnetometry (QDM)]. Finally, a variety of microanalytical techniques will be employed to establish which grains have primary ferromagnetic inclusions. So that others can independently test these results, the team will create an open archive of their key measurements and samples accessible by other researchers and make time available on their magnetometers to qualified researchers.

这是一个INSPIRE奖，由地球科学理事会（地球物理计划，岩石学和地球化学计划）和数学和物理科学理事会（原子，分子和光学实验物理）的计划共同资助，以及OIA-INSPIRE和OISE的共同资助。地球的磁场是由金属核中的流体运动产生的，这一过程被称为地球发电机。在地球历史的前10亿年中，地球发电机的起源时间和强度基本上是未知的。地球发电机的早期历史对行星的热演化、磁场产生的物理学和早期地球的可居住性有着重要的影响。我们所知道的唯一可能记录这个最早期磁场的矿物是在西澳大利亚沉积岩中发现的锆石（ZrSiO 4）晶体。它们的年龄长达43.8亿年，是已知最古老的陆地矿物。在这里，研究小组开发了一个项目来测量这些晶体的磁化强度，该项目得到了美国国家科学基金会支持促进跨学科研究和教育（INSPIRE）计划的支持，最终可以确定地球发电机的起源时间和最早的进化。该项目是来自七个机构的地球化学家，地球化学家，地质学家和物理学家之间的国际合作，包括磁敏磁力学，量子科学，放射性测年，野外地质学，矿物学和稳定同位素地球化学的领导者。它支持开发用于分析极弱磁性材料的下一代磁力测量技术和用于确定早期地球样本蚀变历史的地球化学技术。它还资助三所大学的研究生培训，他们将参加国际实地工作，收集样品，并参与跨学科科学，该项目的核心挑战是确定锆石磁化的起源时间。先前的古地磁、地球化学和矿物学分析表明，寄主岩石和许多锆石在形成后已普遍重磁化。该团队建议确定热历史和蚀变历史，并研究来自西澳大利亚州的许多年龄超过40亿年的锆石的反射磁化。为了实现这一目标，他们将描述锆石寄主岩的地质和地层特征，并使用U-Pb地质年代测定法确定锆石年龄。他们将使用两种新的超高灵敏度磁力测量技术分析锆石的极弱磁化：超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）显微镜（SM）和量子金刚石磁力测量（QDM）。最后，将采用各种微量分析技术来确定哪些晶粒具有初级铁磁性夹杂物。为了让其他人可以独立测试这些结果，该团队将创建一个开放的档案库，记录他们的关键测量结果和其他研究人员可以访问的样本，并为合格的研究人员提供磁力计上的时间。

项目成果

Imaging crystal stress in diamond using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.174103
• 发表时间: 2019-11-11
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Kehayias, P.;Turner, M. J.;Walsworth, R. L.
• 通讯作者: Walsworth, R. L.

Ultra-high sensitivity moment magnetometry of geological samples using magnetic microscopy: ULTRA-SENSITIVE MOMENT MAGNETOMETRY

使用磁显微镜对地质样品进行超高灵敏度矩磁测量：ULTRA-SENSITIVE MOMENT MAGNETOMETRY

• DOI: 10.1002/2016gc006487
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Geosystems
• 作者: Lima, Eduardo A.;Weiss, Benjamin P.
• 通讯作者: Weiss, Benjamin P.

Secondary magnetite in ancient zircon precludes analysis of a Hadean geodynamo

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811074116
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Fengzai Tang;Richard J. M. Taylor;J. Einsle;C. Borlina;R. Fu;Benjamin P. Weiss;Helen M. Williams;W. Williams;L. Nagy;Paul A. Midgley;E. Lima;Elizabeth A. Bell;T. M. Harrison;Ellen W. Alexander;R. Harrison

Evaluating the paleomagnetic potential of single zircon crystals using the Bishop Tuff

使用 Bishop Tuff 评估单锆石晶体的古地磁潜力

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Fu, Roger R.;Weiss, Benjamin P.;Lima, Eduardo A.;Kehayias, Pauli;Araujo, Jefferson F.D.F.;Glenn, David R.;Gelb, Jeff;Einsle, Joshua F.;Bauer, Ann M.;Harrison, Richard J.
• 通讯作者: Harrison, Richard J.

Reply to Comment on “Pervasive remagnetization of detrital zircon host rocks in the Jack Hills, Western Australia and implications for records of the early dynamo”

回复评论“西澳大利亚杰克山碎屑锆石主岩的普遍再磁化及其对早期发电机记录的影响”

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.001
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Weiss, Benjamin P.;Maloof, Adam C.;Harrison, T. Mark;Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L.;Fu, Roger R.;Kirschvink, Joseph L.;Bruce Watson, E.;Coe, Robert S.;Tikoo, Sonia M.;Ramezani, Jahandar
• 通讯作者: Ramezani, Jahandar