STTR Phase I: Novel Urea Mixer to Enable Low Temperature Reduction of Diesel Exhaust Nitrogen Compounds Emissions.

STTR 第一阶段：新型尿素混合器，可低温减少柴油机尾气氮化合物排放。

• 批准号: 1648964
• 负责人: Mansour Masoudi
• 金额: $ 22.33万
• 依托单位: Emissol LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-15 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1648964&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STTR; Phase; Novel; Urea; Mixer

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project is opening a new, low-temperature range of Diesel emission control currently unavailable, while providing further flexibility in Diesel vehicle performance significant for commercial vehicles particularly those in stop-and-go operations (city-type duty cycles). Its environmental and societal impacts consist of markedly-reduced Diesel emissions and greenhouse gases, emission control system downsizing and cost savings, reduced warranty costs to Diesel vehicle manufacturers and reduced Diesel fuel use. Impacts further include reduced emission of respiratory irritants from and increased fuel economy in Diesel vehicles. The technical objectives in this Phase I research project are proof of concept, computer simulation of the underlying complex thermo-chemistry mechanisms and prototyping. The innovation potentially resolves a major obstacle in reducing oxides of nitrogen in very low temperature Diesel exhaust, where traditionally injection of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF; urea water solution) has not been feasible due to risks of urea crystallization; crystallization itself has been a major warranty challenge in the Diesel vehicle industry particularly in heavy vehicles such as trucks and buses operating in city-mode driving conditions. It is anticipated that the proposed novel mixer will minimize urea crystallization risks, accelerate rates of thermolysis and hydrolysis reactions in the Diesel exhaust and enable the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) at temperatures well below the current limit of 200 °C. By removing these barriers, the technology developed in this project will enable low temperature reduction of Diesel exhaust NOx, known to both harm human health and increase greenhouse gases. The proposed innovation will likely also provide economic value consisting of vehicle component cost savings, major warranty cost reduction and reduced fuel consumption.

这一小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力正在开辟一个新的、目前尚不具备的低温柴油排放控制范围，同时为柴油车辆性能提供进一步的灵活性，这对商用车辆尤其是那些走走停停的车辆（城市型工作循环）具有重要意义。 其环境和社会影响包括显著减少柴油排放和温室气体，排放控制系统缩小和节省成本，降低柴油车辆制造商的保修成本以及减少柴油燃料的使用。 影响还包括减少柴油车辆的呼吸道刺激物排放和提高燃油经济性。 在这个第一阶段的研究项目的技术目标是概念证明，计算机模拟的基础复杂的热化学机制和原型。该创新可能解决了在非常低温的柴油机排气中减少氮氧化物的主要障碍，其中由于尿素结晶的风险，传统上喷射柴油机排气处理液（DEF;尿素水溶液）是不可行的;结晶本身一直是柴油车行业的主要保修挑战，特别是在重型车辆中，例如在城市模式驾驶条件下运行的卡车和公共汽车。 预计所提出的新型混合器将使尿素结晶风险最小化，加速柴油机排气中的热解和水解反应速率，并使选择性催化还原（SCR）催化剂能够在远低于200 °C的当前限制的温度下还原氮氧化物（NOx）。 通过消除这些障碍，该项目开发的技术将能够在低温下减少柴油机尾气中的氮氧化物，众所周知，氮氧化物既会损害人类健康，又会增加温室气体。 拟议的创新还可能提供经济价值，包括节省车辆部件成本，降低主要保修成本和减少燃料消耗。