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Collaborative Research; The Role Of Function In Traditional Weapon Design

合作研究；

基本信息

批准号：
1649395
负责人：
Metin Eren
金额：
$ 7.87万
依托单位：
Kent State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-06-01 至 2021-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1649395&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Role Function Traditional

项目摘要

The goal of this project is to understand the role that function plays in traditional weaponry design. It will investigate the evolution of Ice Age stone tool weaponry, dated to13,500 to 12,500 years, used by hunter-gatherers in the colonization of North America. The weapons, stone point tips attached to spears and called "Clovis points" by archaeologists, were flintknapped into specimens with parallel to slightly convex sides, a concave base, and flake-removal scars; termed "flutes." These flutes occur on one or both faces and on average extend from the base to about a third of the way to the tip. These points are found across North America, having spread widely and rapidly at an unprecedented rate. During this expansion over space, across time, and in different environments the size and shape of Clovis points changed significantly. Archaeologists know that cultural drift contributed to this variation, but is it possible that this single source could alone generate so much variation so quickly? Or are multiple sources, for example cultural drift + functional changes, necessary to so rapidly give rise to such variety? If functional differences are found among different forms of Clovis points, it follows that Clovis people in different times and places may have chosen specific attributes to provide them with a selective functional advantage. The project will contribute to the overall understanding of how and why weapons evolve among small, mobile, isolated groups of humans ; a fundamental anthropological question of broad archaeological and ethnographic relevance, as well as to many situations in the present day. Furthermore, since the peopling of the Americas was part of the broader late Pleistocene global dispersal of human out of Africa, this project will ultimately advance the understanding of the behavioral and technological adaptations that determined how our species came to so successfully colonize the planet. The investigators will examine whether different sizes and shapes of Clovis points possess any functional advantages or disadvantages. Through a series of realistic hunting-related experiments in conjunction with a series of controlled engineering experiments, the researchers will determine the prey penetration-ability, aerodynamics, durability, fracture mechanics, and cutting-efficiency of replica Clovis points of varying forms.

这个项目的目标是了解功能在传统武器设计中所起的作用。它将调查冰河时代石器武器的演变，可以追溯到13,500到12,500年前，北美殖民时期狩猎采集者使用的武器。这些武器是附在长矛上的石头尖端，考古学家称其为“克洛维斯尖端”。这些兵器被用金属片切割成平行于略微凸出的边、凹底和可去除薄片的伤痕；被称为“长笛”。这些长笛出现在一个或两个面上，平均从底部延伸到顶端约三分之一的距离。这些点在北美各地都有发现，并以前所未有的速度广泛而迅速地传播。在这种跨越空间、跨越时间和不同环境的扩张过程中，克洛维斯点的大小和形状发生了显著变化。考古学家知道，文化漂移导致了这种变异，但单凭这一单一来源就有可能如此迅速地产生如此多的变异吗？或者，是不是有多种原因，例如文化漂移+功能变化，才有必要如此迅速地产生这种多样性？如果发现不同形式的克洛维斯点之间的功能差异，那么，不同时间和地点的克洛维斯人可能已经选择了特定的属性来为他们提供选择性的功能优势。该项目将有助于全面了解武器是如何以及为什么在人数较少的、流动的、与世隔绝的人群中进化的；这是一个具有广泛考古学和人种学意义的基本人类学问题，也与当今的许多情况有关。此外，由于美洲的人口是更广泛的晚更新世全球人类迁出非洲的一部分，这个项目最终将促进对行为和技术适应的理解，这些适应决定了我们的物种如何如此成功地殖民于地球。研究人员将检查不同大小和形状的克洛维斯点是否具有任何功能优势或劣势。通过一系列现实的狩猎相关实验和一系列受控的工程实验，研究人员将确定不同形式的复制品克洛维斯点的穿透能力、空气动力学、耐用性、断裂力学和切割效率。