Evolving work budget of fault initiation, linkage and growth within accretionary systems

增生系统内断层萌生、联系和增长的不断变化的工作预算

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1650368
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2017-05-01 至 2021-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Will the next damaging earthquake occur on a fault that has had a long history of slip or will it happen on a newly formed fault that is not yet recognized by geologists? The growth of new faults presents a significant challenge for accurate assessments of earthquake hazards in seismically active regions of the world. Prediction of new fault growth would allow better understanding of the development of active fault systems. Through the accumulation of many earthquakes that each incrementally advance the fault system development, an initial distribution of 1 cm cracks can evolve into a 100-km long fault capable of damaging earthquakes. Because fault growth happens across a wide range of spatial scales and in the subsurface, geologists are unable to directly observe the growth of a new fault. This project uses a combination of physical laboratory experiments and computer models that simulate fault growth to explore this problem in the absence of direct observation. The computer models build on the idea that new faults grow to minimize work and achieve a lower energy state. The computer predictions, which will be compared with laboratory experiments, will simulate the development of new faults in front of an accretionary wedge, the Nankai trough south of Tokyo, Japan. This extremely well imaged subduction zone provides good constraints for testing the crustal fault growth models. The Nankai trough has produced several devastating earthquakes and insights learned from this subduction zone will guide our understanding of other subduction zones such as Cascadia margin off Seattle and the Aleutians in Alaska. Additional desired societal outcomes include full participation of women and persons with disabilities in STEM, development of a diverse competitive STEM workforce through graduate student and post-doctoral researcher training, international collaboration, and enhanced infrastructure for research by development and distribution of new computer modeling code.Accretionary prisms are ideal locations for the study of fault development because the material incorporated at the toe of the prism is relatively un-faulted. Field observations suggest that through-going, prism-scale faults develop via the interaction and linkage of smaller fractures within accretionary systems. This coalescence results in the localization of strain along discrete faults from initially diffuse strain along many small fractures. This project examines the evolution of crack coalescence to fault formation within both scaled physical experiments and the Nankai prism. Accretionary systems will be modeled with an innovative new numerical code, GROW, which predicts fracture propagation through the optimization of external work. Crack coalescence will be simulated within four distinct systems: (1) biaxial and triaxial systems for validation with similarly loaded laboratory tests run at the University of Oslo, Norway, that use tomography to track crack coalescence; (2) scaled physical experiments of accretion run at the University of Cergy-Pontoise, France, that provide known boundary conditions, material properties and detailed quantitative observations of the evolution of faulting and associated deformation; (3) accretion simulations of intermediate complexity and scale that provide a critical step between (2) and (4) and allow investigation of increasingly realistic parameters; and (4) simulation of the Kumano transect across the Nankai accretionary prism, which provides a well-constrained example of the development of in-sequence and out-of-sequence crustal thrusts. For the latter, the proposed megathrust development will be simulated over the past 2 Ma in several successive time intervals. All four suites of models will investigate fault development considering the premise that faults grow to optimize the total work on the system. Many of the models will initiate fault growth and coalescence from initial distributed seed points, that represent weak heterogeneities in the experiment and crust. For all suites of models, the evolving work budget within the systems reveals the competing influences of different deformation mechanisms. By investigating the relationship between strain localization, fracture interaction and various energy consuming processes within each system, the researchers will be able to compare the differences in these relationships between models of cm-scale, laboratory physical experiments and km-scale, natural orogens.
下一次破坏性地震会发生在一个有着长期滑动历史的断层上,还是会发生在一个地质学家还没有认识到的新形成的断层上?新断层的增长对准确评估世界地震活跃区的地震危险性提出了重大挑战。对新断层生长的预测将有助于更好地了解活动断层系统的发展。通过多次地震的积累,每次地震都逐步推进断层系统的发展,最初分布的1厘米裂缝可以演变成100公里长的断层,能够破坏地震。由于断层生长发生在广泛的空间尺度和地下,地质学家无法直接观察新断层的生长。该项目使用物理实验室实验和计算机模型相结合,模拟断层生长,在没有直接观察的情况下探索这个问题。计算机模型建立在新的故障增长的想法,以尽量减少工作,并实现较低的能量状态。计算机预测,将与实验室实验进行比较,将模拟在一个增生楔,日本东京南部的南海海槽前面的新断层的发展。这一非常好的俯冲带成像为检验地壳断层生长模型提供了良好的约束条件。南海海槽已经产生了几次毁灭性的地震,从这个俯冲带中学到的见解将指导我们对其他俯冲带的理解,如西雅图的卡斯卡迪亚边缘和阿拉斯加的阿留申群岛。其他期望的社会成果包括妇女和残疾人充分参与STEM,通过研究生和博士后研究人员培训,国际合作,通过开发和分发新的计算机模拟代码,加强了研究的基础设施。增生棱柱体是研究断层发育的理想地点,因为棱镜相对无缺陷。野外观测表明,贯通的棱柱形断层是通过加积系统内较小断裂的相互作用和联系而形成的。这种聚结导致应变从最初沿沿着许多小裂缝的扩散应变沿沿着离散断层的局部化。本计画以比例物理实验与南海棱镜来探讨裂缝聚结至断层形成的演化。增生系统将采用创新的新数值代码GROW进行建模,该代码通过优化外部工作来预测裂缝扩展。将在四个不同的系统中模拟裂纹的合并:(1)双轴和三轴系统,用于在挪威奥斯陆大学进行的类似载荷的实验室试验的验证,该试验使用层析成像来跟踪裂纹合并;(2)在法国Cergy-Ponnés大学进行的吸积的比例物理实验,提供了已知的边界条件,(3)中等复杂性和规模的吸积模拟,提供了(2)和(4)之间的关键步骤,并允许调查越来越现实的参数;(4)南海增生棱柱体熊野断面的模拟,为序列内和序列外地壳逆冲断层的发育提供了一个约束良好的实例。对于后者,将在过去的2 Ma在几个连续的时间间隔模拟拟议的巨型推力发展。所有四套模型都将研究故障发展,考虑到故障增长的前提,以优化系统的总工作。许多模型将从初始分布的种子点开始断层生长和合并,这代表了实验和地壳中的弱非均质性。对于所有的模型套件,系统内不断变化的工作预算揭示了不同变形机制的竞争影响。通过研究每个系统中应变局部化、断裂相互作用和各种能量消耗过程之间的关系,研究人员将能够比较厘米级实验室物理实验模型和公里级自然造山带模型之间这些关系的差异。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(6)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
First-year graduate courses foster inclusion
第一年研究生课程促进包容性
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41561-021-00800-6
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    18.3
  • 作者:
    Cooke, Michele;Breitbart, Mya;Cooperdock, Emily;Levin, Naomi;Niemi, Nathan;Bell, Christopher;Stevens, Liane;Viskupic, Karen
  • 通讯作者:
    Viskupic, Karen
The influence of detachment strength on the evolving deformational energy budget of physical accretionary prisms
分离强度对物理吸积棱柱变形能量收支演变的影响
  • DOI:
    10.5194/se-9-1421-2018
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
    McBeck, Jessica;Cooke, Michele;Souloumiac, Pauline;Maillot, Bertrand;Mary, Baptiste
  • 通讯作者:
    Mary, Baptiste
Work Optimization Predicts Accretionary Faulting: An Integration of Physical and Numerical Experiments: Work Optimization Predicts Faulting
工作优化预测增生断层:物理和数值实验的结合:工作优化预测断层
  • DOI:
    10.1002/2017jb013931
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    McBeck, Jessica A.;Cooke, Michele L.;Herbert, Justin W.;Maillot, Bertrand;Souloumiac, Pauline
  • 通讯作者:
    Souloumiac, Pauline
How the energy budget scales from the laboratory to the crust in accretionary wedges
能量收支如何从实验室扩展到增生楔中的地壳
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116276
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.3
  • 作者:
    McBeck, Jessica;Cooke, Michele;Renard, François
  • 通讯作者:
    Renard, François
Predicting the propagation and interaction of frontal accretionary thrust faults with work optimization
通过功优化预测锋面增生逆冲断层的传播和相互作用
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228461
  • 发表时间:
    2020
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.9
  • 作者:
    McBeck, Jessica;Cooke, Michele;Fattaruso, Laura
  • 通讯作者:
    Fattaruso, Laura
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Michele Cooke其他文献

Michele Cooke的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Michele Cooke', 18)}}的其他基金

The role of strike-slip fault interaction on long-term slip rates
走滑断层相互作用对长期滑动速率的作用
  • 批准号:
    2040570
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Physical and Numerical Experiments of Slip Partitioning under Oblique Strike-slip
斜走滑作用下滑移分区的物理与数值试验
  • 批准号:
    1550133
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Dynamic fault rupture in the presence of 3D heterogenous tectonic stress: the case of the San Andreas Fault in Eastern San Gorgonio Pass
合作研究:三维异质构造应力存在下的动态断层破裂:以圣戈戈尼奥山口东部圣安德烈亚斯断层为例
  • 批准号:
    1623637
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Support for Analog Modeling of Tectonic Processes Workshop
支持构造过程模拟建模研讨会
  • 批准号:
    1537902
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Late Cenozoic Vertical Crustal Motions and Erosional Mass Transfer in the Southern San Andreas Fault Zone
合作研究:圣安德烈亚斯断裂带南部的晚新生代地壳垂直运动和侵蚀质量传递
  • 批准号:
    1145067
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Analysis of Fault Growth and Linkage Using Work Minimization
使用功最小化分析故障增长和连锁
  • 批准号:
    1219919
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The Work Budget of Fault Birth within Accretionary Systems
增生系统内断层诞生的工作预算
  • 批准号:
    1019747
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Unraveling the San Gorgonio Knot: Numerical and Analog Investigations
解开 San Gorgonio 结:数值和模拟研究
  • 批准号:
    0738887
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
CAREER: Response of Fault Systems to Shifts in Tectonic Regime: Implications for the Evolution of and Present-Day Activity of Fault Systems in Southern California
职业:断层系统对构造机制变化的响应:对南加州断层系统的演化和当今活动的影响
  • 批准号:
    0349070
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Bedding Plane Slip within Fault-Driven Folds: Field Evidence from and Numerical Models of East Kaibab Monocline
断层驱动褶皱内的层理面滑移:东凯巴布单斜的现场证据和数值模型
  • 批准号:
    9996296
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 29.94万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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