CAREER: Linking genetic diversity, population density, and disease prevalence in seagrass and oyster ecosystems

职业：将海草和牡蛎生态系统的遗传多样性、人口密度和疾病流行联系起来

• 批准号: 1652320
• 负责人: Randall Hughes
• 金额: $ 83.28万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-15 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1652320&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Linking; genetic; diversity; population

Disease outbreaks in the ocean are increasing, causing losses of ecologically important marine species, but the factors contributing to these outbreaks are not well understood. This 5-year CAREER project will study disease prevalence and intensity in two marine foundation species - the seagrass Zostera marina and the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. More specifically, host-disease relationships will be explored to understand how genetic diversity and population density of the host species impacts disease transmission and risk. This work will pair large-scale experimental restorations and smaller-scale field experiments to examine disease-host relationships across multiple spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns and mechanisms across the two coastal systems will provide an important first step towards identifying generalities in the diversity-density-disease relationship. To enhance the broader impacts and utility of this work, the experiments will be conducted in collaboration with restoration practitioners and guided by knowledge ascertained from key stakeholder groups. The project will support the development of an early career female researcher and multiple graduate and undergraduate students. Students will be trained in state-of-the-art molecular techniques to quantify oyster and seagrass parasites. Key findings from the surveys and experimental work will be incorporated into undergraduate courses focused on Conservation Biology, Marine Biology, and Disease Ecology. Finally, students in these courses will help develop social-ecological surveys and mutual learning games to stimulate knowledge transfer with stakeholders through a series of workshops.The relationship between host genetic diversity and disease dynamics is complex. In some cases, known as a dilution effect, diversity reduces disease transmission and risk. However, the opposite relationship, known as the amplification effect, can also occur when diversity increases the risk of infection. Even if diversity directly reduces disease risk, simultaneous positive effects of diversity on host density could lead to amplification by increasing disease transmission between infected and uninfected individuals. Large-scale field restorations of seagrasses (Zostera marina) and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) will be utilized to test the effects of host genetic diversity on host population density and disease prevalence/intensity. Additional field experiments independently manipulating host genetic diversity and density will examine the mechanisms leading to dilution or amplification. Conducting similar manipulations in two marine foundation species - one a clonal plant and the other a non-clonal animal - will help identify commonalities in the diversity-density-disease relationship. Further, collaborations among project scientists, students, and stakeholders will enhance interdisciplinary training and help facilitate the exchange of information to improve management and restoration efforts. As part of these efforts, targeted surveys will be used to document the perceptions and attitudes of managers and restoration practitioners regarding genetic diversity and its role in ecological resilience and restoration.

海洋中的疾病暴发正在增加，造成具有生态重要性的海洋物种的损失，但导致这些暴发的因素尚不清楚。这个为期5年的职业项目将研究两个海洋基础物种--海草带状带状藻和东方牡蛎Crassostrea Virgiica的疾病流行率和强度。更具体地说，将探索宿主与疾病的关系，以了解宿主物种的遗传多样性和种群密度如何影响疾病传播和风险。这项工作将配对大规模的试验性修复和较小规模的田间实验，以检查多个空间尺度上的疾病-宿主关系。比较两个沿海系统的模式和机制将为确定多样性-密度-疾病关系的共性迈出重要的第一步。为了加强这项工作的更广泛影响和效用，将与修复从业者合作，并以从主要利益攸关方群体查明的知识为指导，进行试验。该项目将支持一名早期职业女性研究人员以及多名研究生和本科生的发展。学生将接受最先进的分子技术方面的培训，以量化牡蛎和海草寄生虫。调查和实验工作的主要发现将被纳入以保护生物学、海洋生物学和疾病生态学为重点的本科课程。最后，这些课程的学生将帮助开发社会生态调查和相互学习游戏，以通过一系列工作坊刺激与利益相关者的知识转移。宿主遗传多样性和疾病动态之间的关系是复杂的。在某些情况下，即所谓的稀释效应，多样性降低了疾病的传播和风险。然而，当多样性增加感染风险时，也会发生相反的关系，即所谓的放大效应。即使多样性直接降低了疾病风险，多样性对宿主密度的同时积极影响也可能通过增加感染和未感染的个体之间的疾病传播而导致放大。将利用对海草(Zostera Marina)和牡蛎(Crassostrea Virgiica)的大规模野外恢复来测试寄主遗传多样性对寄主种群密度和疾病流行/强度的影响。另外，独立操纵寄主遗传多样性和密度的田间实验将检验导致稀释或放大的机制。对两个海洋基础物种--一个是克隆植物，另一个是非克隆动物--进行类似的操作，将有助于确定多样性-密度-疾病关系中的共性。此外，项目科学家、学生和利益攸关方之间的合作将加强跨学科培训，并有助于促进信息交流，以改进管理和修复工作。作为这些努力的一部分，将使用有针对性的调查来记录管理人员和恢复从业者对遗传多样性及其在生态复原力和恢复中的作用的看法和态度。

项目成果

Predicting the stability of multitrophic communities in a variable world

预测多营养群落在变化的世界中的稳定性

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2992
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Yeager, Mallarie E.;Gouhier, Tarik C.;Hughes, A. Randall
• 通讯作者: Hughes, A. Randall

Host genetic identity determines parasite community structure across time and space in oyster restoration

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2560
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Royal Society B
• 作者: T. C. Hanley;Jonathan H. Grabowski;Eric G. Schneider;Pat Barrett;Lauren Puishys;Rachele Spadafore;Gwendolyn McManus;William S. K. Helt;Heather Kinney;M. Conor McManus;A. Randall Hughes

The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity

变暖对海草消耗性疾病的影响取决于宿主基因型的同一性和多样性

• DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3959
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Schenck, Forest R.;DuBois, Katherine;Kardish, Melissa R.;Stachowicz, John J.;Hughes, A. Randall
• 通讯作者: Hughes, A. Randall

Differential incorporation of scientific advances affects coastal habitat restoration practice

科学进步的差异化融合影响沿海栖息地恢复实践

• DOI: 10.1111/csp2.305
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Conservation Science and Practice
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Hughes, A. Randall;Edwards, Peter;Grabowski, Jonathan H.;Scyphers, Steven;Williams, Susan L.
• 通讯作者: Williams, Susan L.

Consumption rates vary based on the presence and type of oyster structure: A seasonal and latitudinal comparison

消费率根据牡蛎结构的存在和类型而变化：季节性和纬度比较

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151501
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Lefcheck, Jonathan S.;Pfirrmann, Bruce W.;Fodrie, F. Joel;Grabowski, Jonathan H.;Hughes, A. Randall;Smyth, Ashley R.
• 通讯作者: Smyth, Ashley R.