Collaborative research: Disease ecology in the midst of anthropogenic stressors: Exploring the influence of pesticides on host-parasite interactions

合作研究：人为应激源中的疾病生态学：探索农药对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响

• 批准号: 1655156
• 负责人: Jason Hoverman
• 金额: $ 24.51万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655156&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Disease; ecology; midst

Wild populations are increasingly influenced by human activities including habitat destruction, introduced species, and pollution. As the human population continues to grow, along with our needs for food, our reliance on pesticides to control a variety of pests will intensify. Therefore, pesticides contamination of natural systems will persist. Recent research suggests that some wild populations exposed to pesticides can evolve tolerance over multiple generations or induce tolerance within a single generation. Both of these mechanisms can improve survival when exposed to pesticides. However, each mechanism may lead to different costs that alter the way organisms interact with other members of their community. An increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of pesticides on the interaction between host and their parasites. However, research that examines the influence of evolutionary responses to pesticides on disease dynamics remains limited. The study seeks to understand how evolutionary responses to contaminants may affect host-parasite interactions in aquatic communities. Specifically, the study asks the following questions: (1) Can hosts and parasites evolve tolerance to pesticides? 2) Can hosts and parasites induce tolerance to pesticides within a single generation? 3) How do the two different mechanisms of tolerance influence host-parasite interactions? This research tackles two issues of societal interest such as environmental contamination and transmission of pathogens. In addition, the project focuses on taxa that are declining globally (i.e. amphibians) and habitats that are of increasing conservation concern (i.e. wetlands). The investigators will develop a teaching module for K-12 educators. The teaching module will highlight the role of evolution and ecology in modern toxicology. The study will also provide training for undergraduate and graduate students including minorities, women, and first-generation college students. Overall, this study can provide valuable information that can be used to understand the effects of pesticides from both applied and basic research views.This research will use recent observations of evolved and induced pesticide tolerance in relation to proximity to agriculture as a foundation to explore how pesticide tolerance influences host-parasite interactions. The study will use a parasite (Echinoparyphium) and its intermediate aquatic host species (pond snail and larval wood frog). Using a series of toxicity and host-infection assays across these multiple hosts and parasite life stages, the proposed research will: (1) Analyze landscape patterns of baseline pesticide tolerance across a gradient of agricultural land use. The investigators predict that baseline pesticide tolerance will be higher in parasite and snail populations surrounded by more agriculture than in those surrounded by less agriculture. (2) Evaluate the occurrence of inducible pesticide tolerance in natural populations. The investigators expect a greater magnitude of induced pesticide tolerance in populations surrounded by less agriculture than in those surrounded by more agriculture. (3) Determine the effects of constitutive and inducible pesticide tolerance on host-parasite interactions. The investigators predict that the outcome of the interactions will depend on the relative sensitivity of the hosts and parasites to pesticides.

野生种群越来越多地受到人类活动的影响，包括栖息地破坏，引入物种和污染。随着人口的持续增长，沿着我们对食物的需求，我们对杀虫剂控制各种害虫的依赖将加剧。因此，农药对自然系统的污染将持续存在。最近的研究表明，一些暴露于农药的野生种群可以在多代中进化出耐受性，或者在一代中诱导耐受性。这两种机制都可以提高暴露于农药时的存活率。然而，每种机制都可能导致不同的成本，从而改变生物体与其社区其他成员相互作用的方式。越来越多的研究集中在农药对寄主与寄生虫相互作用的影响上。然而，研究农药的进化反应对疾病动力学的影响仍然有限。该研究旨在了解污染物的进化反应如何影响水生群落中的宿主-寄生虫相互作用。具体而言，该研究提出了以下问题：（1）宿主和寄生虫能否进化出对农药的耐受性？2)寄主和寄生虫能在一代内诱导对农药的耐受性吗？3)这两种不同的耐受机制如何影响宿主-寄生虫相互作用？这项研究解决了两个社会感兴趣的问题，如环境污染和病原体的传播。此外，该项目还侧重于全球数量正在减少的生物分类群（即两栖动物）和日益受到保护关注的生境（即湿地）。研究人员将为K-12教育工作者开发一个教学模块。该教学模块将强调进化和生态学在现代毒理学中的作用。 这项研究还将为本科生和研究生提供培训，包括少数民族、妇女和第一代大学生。总体而言，这项研究可以提供有价值的信息，可以用来了解农药的影响，从应用和基础research views.This研究将使用最近观察到的进化和诱导农药耐受性的关系接近农业作为基础，探讨农药耐受性如何影响主机-寄生虫相互作用。该研究将使用寄生虫（Echinoparyphium）及其中间水生宿主物种（池塘蜗牛和幼虫林蛙）。利用一系列的毒性和宿主感染试验在这些多个主机和寄生虫的生命阶段，拟议的研究将：（1）分析跨梯度的农业土地利用的基线农药耐受性的景观格局。研究人员预测，与农业较少的人群相比，农业较多的寄生虫和蜗牛人群的基线农药耐受性更高。(2)评估自然种群中诱导性农药耐受性的发生。研究人员预计，农业较少的人群比农业较多的人群诱导的农药耐受性更大。(3)确定组成型和诱导型农药耐受性对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响。研究人员预测，相互作用的结果将取决于宿主和寄生虫对农药的相对敏感性。

项目成果

Timing and order of exposure to two echinostome species affect patterns of infection in larval amphibians

• DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001092
• 发表时间: 2020-11-01
• 期刊: PARASITOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Billet, Logan S.;Wuerthner, Vanessa P.;Hoverman, Jason T.
• 通讯作者: Hoverman, Jason T.

Population‐level variation in infection outcomes not influenced by pesticide exposure in larval wood frogs ( Rana sylvatica )

林蛙幼虫（Rana sylvatica）感染结果的种群水平变化不受农药暴露的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13708
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Freshwater Biology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Billet, Logan S.;Wuerthner, Vanessa P.;Hua, Jessica;Relyea, Rick A.;Hoverman, Jason T.
• 通讯作者: Hoverman, Jason T.

Pesticide tolerance induced by a generalized stress response in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica)

林蛙（Rana sylvatica）普遍应激反应诱导的农药耐受性

• DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02277-2
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ecotoxicology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Billet, Logan S.;Hoverman, Jason T.
• 通讯作者: Hoverman, Jason T.