Collaborative Research: Causes and consequences of fire-regime variability in Rocky Mountain forests

合作研究：落基山森林火灾状况变化的原因和后果

• 批准号: 1655121
• 负责人: Philip Higuera
• 金额: $ 35.13万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655121&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Causes; consequences; fire

Wildfires affect more than 180,000 km2 in the Unites States every year, on average, an area 20 times the size of Yellowstone National Park. In the Rocky Mountains, the amount of area burned in large wildfires has been increasing since the mid-1980s, a trend well linked to warming spring and summer temperatures, and expected to continue in upcoming decades. The way society plans for and reacts to wildfires, for example through federal policy and land management, is strongly shaped by our understanding of the causes, ecological consequences, and historical precedence of fire in different ecosystems. Important questions in this context include: how often have fires occurred in the past and how has this varied with climate and human activity, how have fires impacted valued resources including forests and water quality, and how long does it take for ecosystems to recover to pre-fire conditions? Studying how and why forests and wildfire activity have varied in the past, over periods of varying climate and human activity, provides a critical foundation for understanding the implications of wildfires. This long-term perspective also helps inform and improve models that simulate the impacts of future environmental change, including changes in wildfire activity. Mechanisms for broader impacts include documenting and communicating research results via a journalism graduate student embedded with the research team, advancing STEM education through the development of forest and fire ecology curricula for high school educators, and training graduate and undergraduate students in field-, lab-, and modeling-based research.This research investigates the relationships and feedbacks among changes in climate, wildfire activity, and ecosystems over the past 2500 years through a unique combination of paleoecological reconstructions and ecosystem modeling. Using an unusually dense network of lake-sediment records in two study regions (i.e., 9-12 lakes within 1000 km2 in the N. and S. Rockies), the frequency, severity, and synchrony of past fire activity will be characterized and compared to paleoclimate records to assess the drivers of past fire activity. Paleofire records will be supplemented with high-resolution records of vegetation and biogeochemical change at a subset of focal sites, to assess the ecosystem impacts of past fire activity. Coupled climate-fire-ecosystem dynamics will be examined at watershed and sub-regional spatial scales through a set of ecosystem modeling simulations that compare paleo-informed to equilibrium scenarios.

野火每年平均每年在Unites州影响超过180,000 km2，这是黄石国家公园规模的20倍。在落基山脉，自1980年代中期以来，大型野火中燃烧的面积数量一直在增加，这一趋势与春季和夏季温度的温暖良好，预计将在未来几十年持续。社会对野火计划和反应的方式，例如通过联邦政策和土地管理，我们对不同生态系统中火灾的原因，生态后果和历史优先级的理解都构成了强烈的影响。在这种情况下的重要问题包括：过去发生火灾的频率以及这与气候和人类活动有何不同，火灾如何影响包括森林和水质在内的有价值的资源，以及生态系统才能恢复到预火状况需要多长时间？在过去的情况下，研究森林和野火活动的方式以及为什么在不同的气候和人类活动的时期内有所不同，为理解野火的含义奠定了关键的基础。这种长期观点还有助于告知和改进模型，以模拟未来环境变化的影响，包括野火活动的变化。 Mechanisms for broader impacts include documenting and communicating research results via a journalism graduate student embedded with the research team, advancing STEM education through the development of forest and fire ecology curricula for high school educators, and training graduate and undergraduate students in field-, lab-, and modeling-based research.This research investigates the relationships and feedbacks among changes in climate, wildfire activity, and ecosystems over the past 2500 years through a unique combination of古生态重建和生态系统建模。在两个研究区域（即N.和S.落基山脉的1000 km2以内的9-12个湖泊）中，使用异常密集的湖泊居民记录网络，将对过去的火灾活动的频率，严重程度和同步进行表征，并与古气候记录进行比较，以评估过去火灾活动的驱动因素。 Paleofire记录将在焦点站点的一部分中补充植被和生物地球化学变化的高分辨率记录，以评估过去火灾活动的生态系统影响。将通过一组生态系统建模模拟在流域和次区域空间尺度上检查耦合的气候生气生态系统动力学，这些模拟将古融合与平衡场景进行比较。

项目成果

Climate, Environment, and Disturbance History Govern Resilience of Western North American Forests

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00239
• 发表时间: 2019-07-10
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Hessburg, Paul F.;Miller, Carol L.;Salter, R. Brion
• 通讯作者: Salter, R. Brion

Terrestrial carbon dynamics in an era of increasing wildfire

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01881-4
• 发表时间: 2023-12-01
• 期刊: NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Hudiburg，Tara;Mathias，Justin;Lynch，Laurel
• 通讯作者: Lynch，Laurel

Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data‐capable community

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3833
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: R. C. Nagy;J. Balch;E. Bissell;M. Cattau;N. Glenn;B. Halpern;N. Ilangakoon;Brian Johnson;Maxwell B. Joseph;S. Marconi;Catherine O’Riordan;J. Sanovia;T. Swetnam;W. Travis;L. wasser;Elizabeth Woolner;P. Zarnetske;M. Abdulrahim;J. Adler;G. Barnes;K. Bartowitz;Rachael E. Blake;Sara P. Bombaci;J. Brun;Jacob D. Buchanan;K. Chadwick;Melissa S. Chapman;Steven S. Chong;Y. A. Chung;Jessica R. Corman;Jannelle Couret;E. Crispo;T. Doak;Alison Donnelly;Katharyn A. Duffy;K. Dunning;S. Durán;J. Edmonds;D. Fairbanks;A. Felton;C. Florian;D. Gann;M. Gebhardt;N. Gill;W. Gram;Jessica S. Guo;Brian J. Harvey;K. Hayes;Matthew R. Helmus;R. Hensley;K. Hondula;T. Huang;Wiley J. Hundertmark;Virginia Iglesias;P. Jacinthe;L. Jansen;Marta A. Jarzyna;T. M. Johnson;Katherine D. Jones;Megan A. Jones;M. G. Just;Y. Kaddoura;Aurora K. Kagawa‐Vivani;A. Kaushik;A. B. Keller;Katelyn B. S. King;J. Kitzes;M. J. Koontz;P. Kouba;Wai-Yin Kwan;J. M. LaMontagne;E. LaRue;Daijiang Li;Bonan Li;Yang Lin;D. Liptzin;William Long;Adam L. Mahood;S. Malloy;S. Malone;J. McGlinchy;C. Meier;B. Melbourne;Nathan P. Mietkiewicz;J. Morisette;Moussa Moustapha;C. Muscarella;J. Musinsky;R. Muthukrishnan;K. Naithani;M. Neely;Kari E. A. Norman;S. Parker;Mariana Perez Rocha;L. Petri;Colette A. Ramey;S. Record;M. Rossi;M. SanClements;Victoria M. Scholl;A. Schweiger;B. Seyednasrollah;D. Sihi;Kathleen R. Smith;Eric R Sokol;S. Spaulding;Anna I. Spiers;Lise A. St. Denis;Anika P. Staccone;Kaitlin Stack Whitney;D. Stanitski;E. Stricker;Thilina D. Surasinghe;Sarah K. Thomsen;P. M. Vasek;Liao Xiaolu;Di Yang;Rong Yu;Kelsey M. Yule;K. Zhu

Fixing a snag in carbon emissions estimates from wildfires

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14716
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: J. Stenzel;K. Bartowitz;M. Hartman;J. Lutz;C. Kolden;A. Smith;B. Law;M. Swanson;A. Larson;W. Parton;T. Hudiburg

Wildfire-Driven Forest Conversion in Western North American Landscapes

• DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa061
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: BIOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 10.1
• 作者: Coop, Jonathan D.;Parks, Sean A.;Rodman, Kyle C.
• 通讯作者: Rodman, Kyle C.