Assassin bugs: evolutionary history of the Reduvioidea, a diverse clade of predatory and hematophagous insects

刺客蝽：Reduvioidea 的进化史，掠食性和食血昆虫的多样化分支

• 批准号: 1655769
• 负责人: Christiane Weirauch
• 金额: $ 66.67万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655769&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Assassin; bugs; evolutionary; history; Reduvioidea

Evolutionary research explores processes that have shaped biodiversity. With close to 7,000 species known to science, assassin bugs are one of the largest evolutionary lineages of animals where the majority of species hunt other insects. The factors that have allowed assassin bugs to speciate at this scale are unknown, but specializations on certain prey organisms and transitions into a variety of terrestrial habitats are assumed to have contributed to this phenomenon. These hypotheses have largely remained untested, because comprehensive evolutionary trees are unavailable. Assassin bugs include beneficial species used to control plant pests, pollinator predators, and powerful human disease vectors that transmit the causative agent of Chagas disease. An international team led by researchers at the University of California, Riverside will investigate the evolutionary history of assassin bugs, tying together extensive genetic and morphological data with innovative approaches to gather natural history data. One postdoctoral researcher and one PhD student will be trained, several undergraduate researchers will engage in research and outreach, and two short courses on true bug biodiversity will train students, researchers, and others involved in agricultural and public health related research and monitoring. Existing phylogenies of the assassin bugs or Reduvioidea are inadequate to address many evolutionary questions, the paucity of well-described fossils has made it difficult to establish timelines for events including the transition from predatory to blood-feeding life styles, and the classification of Reduvioidea is in disarray. This project will: 1) test phylogenetic hypotheses with emphasis on the poorly resolved Higher Reduviidae and contentious relationships of the hematophagous Chagas disease vectors Triatominae, while maximizing taxonomic coverage and integrating transcriptomic, anchored hybrid enrichment, traditional molecular, and morphological datasets; 2) describe and redescribe fossil reduvioids to bridge taxonomic and geological gaps in the fossil record and test hypotheses on the timing of key biological events; 3) apply metabarcoding approaches to assassin bug gut contents to complement available prey data; 4) study diversification across Reduvioidea, focusing on hypotheses of diversification rate shifts and correlated key innovations, and morphological, physiological, and ecological traits involved in the transition between predation and blood-feeding; 5) use the phylogenetic information generated during this project to propose a new classification of Reduvioidea.

进化研究探索塑造生物多样性的过程。有近7,000种已知的科学，猎蝽是最大的动物进化谱系之一，其中大多数物种捕食其他昆虫。使猎蝽能够以这种规模形成物种的因素尚不清楚，但对某些猎物生物的专门化以及向各种陆地栖息地的过渡被认为是促成这一现象的原因。这些假设在很大程度上还没有得到验证，因为没有全面的进化树。刺客包括用于控制植物害虫的有益物种，传粉者捕食者和传播恰加斯病病原体的强大人类疾病载体。由加州大学滨江的研究人员领导的一个国际小组将调查猎蝽的进化历史，将广泛的遗传和形态数据与创新方法结合在一起，以收集自然历史数据。一名博士后研究员和一名博士生将接受培训，几名本科生研究人员将从事研究和推广工作，两个关于真正昆虫生物多样性的短期课程将培训学生，研究人员和其他参与农业和公共卫生相关研究和监测的人员。现有的猎蝽或猎蝽总科（Reduvioidea）的化石不足以解决许多进化问题，缺乏描述良好的化石使得很难建立事件的时间表，包括从捕食到吸血的生活方式的转变，而猎蝽总科的分类也处于混乱状态。该项目将：1）测试系统发育假说，重点是解决不好的高等Reduviidae和有争议的关系的吸血恰加斯病媒介Triatominae，同时最大限度地提高分类覆盖率和整合转录组学，锚定杂交富集，传统的分子和形态学数据集;（二）描述和重新描述化石reduvioids弥合分类和地质空白的化石记录和测试假设的时间关键生物事件; 3）将元条形码方法应用于猎蝽肠道内容物，以补充现有的猎物数据; 4）研究整个Reduvioidea的多样化，专注于多样化率变化和相关关键创新的假设，以及捕食和吸血之间过渡所涉及的形态，生理和生态特征; 5）利用本项目中产生的系统发育信息提出了一个新的雷杜兽总科分类。

项目成果

Crowdsourced online images provide insights into predator-prey interactions of putative natural enemies

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00126
• 发表时间: 2019-12-01
• 期刊: FOOD WEBS
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Hernandez, Madison;Masonick, Paul;Weirauch, Christiane
• 通讯作者: Weirauch, Christiane

Synonymy of Mangabea Villiers and Stenorhamphus Elkins, with the description of two new species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Collartidini).

Mangabea Villiers 和 Stenorhamphus Elkins 的同义词，并描述了两个新物种（半翅目：Reduviidae：Emesinae：Collartidini）。

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Raffles bulletin of zoology
• 作者: Smith, S.;Hwang, W. S.;Weirauch, C.
• 通讯作者: Weirauch, C.

Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)

Apiomerus maya 物种组的分类学修订（异翅目：Reduviidae：Harpactorinae）

• DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.3
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Zootaxa
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: MASONICK, PAUL;WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIANE
• 通讯作者: WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIANE

Taxonomic Revision of Camarochilus Harris (Hemiptera: Pachynomidae)

• DOI: 10.1206/3959.1
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: American Museum Novitates
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: C. Weirauch;D. Forero;R. Schuh

Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs

重新审视 Pseudocetherinae（半翅目：Reduviidae）：叶头虫的系统发育和分类学

• DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.788.1625
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: European Journal of Taxonomy
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Castillo, S. E.;Redei, D.;and Weirauch, C.
• 通讯作者: and Weirauch, C.