Doctoral Dissertation Research: Differentiated Citizenship and the Governance of Land and Everyday Life in the Making of a Global City

本博士论文研究项目调查了世界级城市创建过程中土地使用和日常生活的治理，这是一个基于非正式定居居民流离失所的过程。鉴于全球快速城市化伴随着贫民窟的加速增长、土地圈地和猖獗的内乱，这个问题在世界范围内具有重要的启示意义。博士生将记录并解释为什么以及如何将一些形式的非正式土地使用行为定为犯罪，而另一些形式则由国家在制度上认可或实施，以及这些去犯罪化的做法如何在非正式定居的城市穷人中塑造公民身份和城市权利的差异地位。该项目考察了政府官员、城市规划者、全球政策制定者、土地开发商、当地非政府组织和居民如何共同为城市治理做出贡献，通过空间扩张和土地利用实践改变城市。研究结果将通过出版物和报告传播给学者、政府官员、城市规划者、全球决策者、当地非政府组织和居民。还计划通过介绍和讲习班以及随后的在线论坛在当地进行宣传和传播。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项为有前途的学生提供支持，使他们能够建立强大的独立研究生涯。本项目揭示了(1)强调城市-政府-规划综合体关于贫民窟居民差别待遇的逻辑，这些理性是如何演变的，以及贫民窟居民的后果；(2)贫民窟居民的主体性和相关做法相对于不同的轴线（阶级、种姓、性别、宗教、职业、语言群体和土地使用类型），以消除这一多样化群体的同质化；(3)城市政府-规划综合体的代理人之间关于迁移以使国家去同质化的各种观点，国家通常被视为一个单一的实体。方法包括定性和定量相结合的方法，包括政策评估、比较公布的土地使用计划和实际的土地使用做法、检查人口普查数据、对居民、非政府组织工作人员和市政府-规划综合体多层次行为者的访谈，以及与贫民窟居民的合作研究。虽然本研究的重点是印度德里，以考察世界级城市建设模式如何改变城市的空间和社会经济构成，但该项目为包括美国在内的世界各地城市的社会正义问题提供了新的见解。

This doctoral dissertation research project investigates the governance of land use and everyday life in the creation of world-class cities, a process predicated on displacement of informally settled residents. This problem holds important insights worldwide in light of rapid urbanization globally accompanied by accelerated slum growth, land enclosures, and rampant civil unrest. The doctoral student will document and explain why and how some forms of informal land-use practices are criminalized while others are institutionally endorsed or practiced by the state, and how such de/criminalization practices shape the differential status of citizenship and rights to the city among the informally settled urban poor. The project examines how government officials, city planners, global policy makers, land developers, local NGOs and residents collectively contribute to urban governance, transforming the city through spatial expansion and land-use practices. Results will be disseminated through publications and reports accessible to academics as well as government officials, city planners, global policy makers, local NGOs, and residents. Local outreach and dissemination is also planned via presentations and workshops, as well as via a subsequent online forum. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award provides support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.This project uncovers (1) the logic underscoring the city-government-planning complex regarding differential treatment of slum dwellers, how these rationalities evolved, and the consequences for slum dwellers; (2) the subjectivities and associated practices among slum dwellers relative to various axes of difference (class, caste, gender, religion, occupation, language group and type of land use) to de-homogenize this diverse group of actors; and (3) the various views among agents of the city-government-planning complex regarding displacement to de-homogenize the state, which commonly is approached as a monolithic entity. Methods include a mix of qualitative and quantitative ones, including policy assessment, comparing published land-use plans and actual land-use practices, examination of census data, as well as interviews with residents, NGO workers, and actors at multiple tiers of the city-government-planning complex and collaborative research with slum dwellers. Although this research focuses on Delhi, India to examine how world-class city-making models transform the spatial and socio-economic composition of a city, the project provides new insights regarding issues of social justice in cities worldwide including the United States.