Doctoral Dissertation Research: Differentiated Citizenship and the Governance of Land and Everyday Life in the Making of a Global City

这一博士论文研究项目调查了世界级城市创建过程中土地使用和日常生活的治理，这是一个基于非正式定居居民流离失所的过程。鉴于全球快速城市化伴随着贫民窟加速增长、土地封闭和猖獗的内乱，这个问题在世界范围内具有重要的洞察力。博士生将记录和解释为什么以及如何将某些形式的非正式土地使用做法定为刑事犯罪，而另一些形式的非正式土地使用做法则被国家从制度上认可或实行，以及这种非刑事化做法如何影响非正式定居的城市贫困人口的公民身份和城市权利的不同地位。该项目考察了政府官员、城市规划者、全球政策制定者、土地开发商、当地非政府组织和居民如何共同为城市治理做出贡献，通过空间扩张和土地使用实践改变城市。结果将通过出版物和报告传播，供学者、政府官员、城市规划者、全球政策制定者、当地非政府组织和居民查阅。还计划通过专题介绍和讲习班，以及通过随后的在线论坛，在当地进行外联和传播。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项提供支持，使有前途的学生能够建立一个强大的独立研究生涯。这个项目揭示了(1)强调城市-政府规划复杂的关于区别对待贫民窟居民的逻辑，这些合理性是如何演变的，以及对贫民窟居民的后果；(2)贫民窟居民相对于不同轴心(阶级、种姓、性别、宗教、职业、语言群体和土地使用类型)的主观性和相关做法，以使这一不同的行为者群体去同质化；以及(3)城市政府规划复合体的代理人之间关于置换以使国家去均质化的不同观点，这通常被作为一个整体来对待。方法包括定性和定量相结合的方法，包括政策评估、比较已公布的土地利用计划和实际土地利用做法、检查人口普查数据、对居民、非政府组织工作人员和城市政府规划综合体多层行为者的访谈以及与贫民窟居民的合作研究。虽然这项研究的重点是印度德里，以考察世界级的城市建设模式如何改变城市的空间和社会经济构成，但该项目为包括美国在内的世界各地城市的社会正义问题提供了新的见解。

This doctoral dissertation research project investigates the governance of land use and everyday life in the creation of world-class cities, a process predicated on displacement of informally settled residents. This problem holds important insights worldwide in light of rapid urbanization globally accompanied by accelerated slum growth, land enclosures, and rampant civil unrest. The doctoral student will document and explain why and how some forms of informal land-use practices are criminalized while others are institutionally endorsed or practiced by the state, and how such de/criminalization practices shape the differential status of citizenship and rights to the city among the informally settled urban poor. The project examines how government officials, city planners, global policy makers, land developers, local NGOs and residents collectively contribute to urban governance, transforming the city through spatial expansion and land-use practices. Results will be disseminated through publications and reports accessible to academics as well as government officials, city planners, global policy makers, local NGOs, and residents. Local outreach and dissemination is also planned via presentations and workshops, as well as via a subsequent online forum. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award provides support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.This project uncovers (1) the logic underscoring the city-government-planning complex regarding differential treatment of slum dwellers, how these rationalities evolved, and the consequences for slum dwellers; (2) the subjectivities and associated practices among slum dwellers relative to various axes of difference (class, caste, gender, religion, occupation, language group and type of land use) to de-homogenize this diverse group of actors; and (3) the various views among agents of the city-government-planning complex regarding displacement to de-homogenize the state, which commonly is approached as a monolithic entity. Methods include a mix of qualitative and quantitative ones, including policy assessment, comparing published land-use plans and actual land-use practices, examination of census data, as well as interviews with residents, NGO workers, and actors at multiple tiers of the city-government-planning complex and collaborative research with slum dwellers. Although this research focuses on Delhi, India to examine how world-class city-making models transform the spatial and socio-economic composition of a city, the project provides new insights regarding issues of social justice in cities worldwide including the United States.