Doctoral Dissertation Research: Differentiated Citizenship and the Governance of Land and Everyday Life in the Making of a Global City

这个博士论文研究项目调查了世界级城市创建中的土地使用和日常生活的治理，这是一个基于非正式定居居民流离失所的过程。 鉴于全球快速城市化伴随着贫民窟加速增长、土地圈地和猖獗的内乱，这一问题在世界范围内具有重要意义。博士生将记录并解释为什么以及如何将某些形式的非正式土地使用行为定为犯罪，而其他形式的非正式土地使用行为则在制度上得到国家的认可或实践，以及这种去/刑事化做法如何塑造非正式定居的城市穷人之间的公民身份和城市权利的差异地位。该项目研究政府官员、城市规划者、全球决策者、土地开发商、当地非政府组织和居民如何共同促进城市治理，通过空间扩展和土地使用做法改造城市。研究结果将通过学术界、政府官员、城市规划者、全球决策者、当地非政府组织和居民可获得的出版物和报告传播。还计划通过介绍会和讲习班以及随后的在线论坛在当地开展外联和传播工作。 作为一个博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。该项目揭示了（1）强调城市政府规划复杂的贫民窟居民的差别待遇的逻辑，这些合理性是如何演变的，以及对贫民窟居民的后果;（2）贫民窟居民之间相对于各种差异轴的主观性和相关做法（阶级、种姓、性别、宗教、职业、语言群体和土地使用类型）使这一不同的行为者群体非同质化;以及（3）市政府规划综合体的代理人之间关于流离失所以使国家非同质化的各种观点，国家通常被视为一个单一的实体。 方法包括定性和定量相结合，包括政策评估，比较公布的土地使用计划和实际的土地使用做法，审查普查数据，以及与居民、非政府组织工作人员和城市政府规划综合体多个层次的行为者进行访谈，并与贫民窟居民进行合作研究。虽然这项研究的重点是印度德里，以研究世界级的城市建设模式如何改变城市的空间和社会经济构成，但该项目为包括美国在内的全球城市的社会正义问题提供了新的见解。

This doctoral dissertation research project investigates the governance of land use and everyday life in the creation of world-class cities, a process predicated on displacement of informally settled residents. This problem holds important insights worldwide in light of rapid urbanization globally accompanied by accelerated slum growth, land enclosures, and rampant civil unrest. The doctoral student will document and explain why and how some forms of informal land-use practices are criminalized while others are institutionally endorsed or practiced by the state, and how such de/criminalization practices shape the differential status of citizenship and rights to the city among the informally settled urban poor. The project examines how government officials, city planners, global policy makers, land developers, local NGOs and residents collectively contribute to urban governance, transforming the city through spatial expansion and land-use practices. Results will be disseminated through publications and reports accessible to academics as well as government officials, city planners, global policy makers, local NGOs, and residents. Local outreach and dissemination is also planned via presentations and workshops, as well as via a subsequent online forum. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award provides support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.This project uncovers (1) the logic underscoring the city-government-planning complex regarding differential treatment of slum dwellers, how these rationalities evolved, and the consequences for slum dwellers; (2) the subjectivities and associated practices among slum dwellers relative to various axes of difference (class, caste, gender, religion, occupation, language group and type of land use) to de-homogenize this diverse group of actors; and (3) the various views among agents of the city-government-planning complex regarding displacement to de-homogenize the state, which commonly is approached as a monolithic entity. Methods include a mix of qualitative and quantitative ones, including policy assessment, comparing published land-use plans and actual land-use practices, examination of census data, as well as interviews with residents, NGO workers, and actors at multiple tiers of the city-government-planning complex and collaborative research with slum dwellers. Although this research focuses on Delhi, India to examine how world-class city-making models transform the spatial and socio-economic composition of a city, the project provides new insights regarding issues of social justice in cities worldwide including the United States.