Influences of ecological niche on mechanisms of visual pathway maturation
生态位对视觉通路成熟机制的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:1656838
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 100万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2017-08-15 至 2020-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The connections between nerve cells in juvenile brain networks are flexible and can be shaped by the environment and experience. Network stability increases with age, producing both costs and benefits. Different species have evolved distinct patterns of plasticity reduction. This project compares developmental changes in visual system plasticity across several mammalian species. It will reveal how early sensory experience influences the way brain circuits are put together, and how ongoing sensory stimulation maintains the boundary between stability vs. flexibility of neural circuits. Because the genomes of many mammals have now been sequenced, it is possible to employ genetic manipulations that until recently were only feasible in mice. Comparative work is necessary to arrive at a more complete understanding of plasticity mechanisms and to determine whether animals with better vision and more reliance on visual perception for survival than mice (the current species of choice) might provide a better animal model for human visual development. Taken together, the results of the study will provide important mechanistic information about how and why the brain develops and changes with experience, and which animal models are the most relevant for biomedical research. Understanding the natural processes that control the boundary between plasticity and stability make it possible to manipulate that boundary for human benefit. Results from this study will also provide basic information about neural network plasticity which may be useful for designing drug and rehabilitative therapies to treat or repair diseases or injuries of visual pathways specifically, and brain pathways in general.Visual experience during an early critical period is required for normal development of visual cortical (V1) structure and function in carnivores and non-human primates. Mice are now the preferred animal model for studies of visual pathway development and plasticity. Visual development and plasticity of mice differs from that of primates in both known and unknown ways that may have important consequences for the generalization of research findings to humans. Previous visual deprivation studies in hamsters and mice from the P.I.'s lab have shown that early visual experience is not required for normal developmental refinement of receptive fields in visual midbrain and visual cortex. Instead, vision is necessary only for the maintenance of normal function in visual midbrain (SC) and V1 of adults. The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that the degree to which a species' visual system development depends on visual experience is influenced by the extent to which vision is important in their ecological niche. The predicted outcome is that nocturnal species whose young stay in a burrow (such as mice) will be less dependent on vision to shape the development of their visual pathways than diurnal species whose young spend more time above ground. The timing and level of sensitivity to visual experience will be measured in several rodent species that differ in their daily activity patterns, nesting habits, and ecological niche. The rodent data will be compared to that from a carnivore species that has traditionally been used in studies of visual system development and plasticity.
青少年大脑网络中神经细胞之间的连接是灵活的,可以通过环境和经验来塑造。 网络的稳定性随着年龄的增长而增加,这既产生了成本,也带来了收益。 不同的物种进化出不同的可塑性降低模式。 该项目比较了几种哺乳动物视觉系统可塑性的发育变化。 它将揭示早期感觉经验如何影响大脑回路的组合方式,以及持续的感觉刺激如何保持神经回路的稳定性与灵活性之间的界限。 由于许多哺乳动物的基因组已经被测序,因此可以采用直到最近才在小鼠中可行的遗传操作。 比较工作是必要的,以达到一个更完整的了解可塑性机制,并确定是否有更好的视力和更依赖于视觉感知的生存比小鼠(目前的选择物种)的动物可能会提供一个更好的动物模型为人类视觉发育。 总的来说,这项研究的结果将提供重要的机制信息,关于大脑如何以及为什么随着经验而发展和变化,以及哪些动物模型与生物医学研究最相关。 了解控制可塑性和稳定性之间边界的自然过程,就有可能操纵这一边界,为人类造福。 这项研究的结果也将提供有关神经网络可塑性的基本信息,这可能是有用的设计药物和康复治疗,以治疗或修复疾病或损伤的视觉通路,和一般的大脑pathways.Visual experience在早期的关键时期是需要正常发展的视觉皮层(V1)的结构和功能的食肉动物和非人灵长类动物。 小鼠是目前研究视觉通路发育和可塑性的首选动物模型。 小鼠的视觉发育和可塑性在已知和未知的方面与灵长类动物不同,这可能对将研究结果推广到人类产生重要影响。 先前在P.I.的仓鼠和小鼠中进行的视觉剥夺研究。实验室的研究表明,早期的视觉经验并不是视觉中脑和视觉皮层感受野正常发育所必需的。 相反,视觉只是维持成人视觉中脑(SC)和V1正常功能所必需的。 在这项研究中要检验的假设是,一个物种的视觉系统的发展依赖于视觉经验的程度是由视觉在其生态位的重要程度的影响。 预测的结果是,夜间活动的物种,其年轻人留在洞穴(如小鼠)将不太依赖于视觉来塑造他们的视觉通路的发展比白天活动的物种,其年轻人花更多的时间在地面上。 将在日常活动模式、筑巢习惯和生态位不同的几种啮齿类动物中测量视觉体验敏感性的时间和水平。 啮齿动物的数据将与传统上用于视觉系统发育和可塑性研究的食肉动物物种的数据进行比较。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
TrkB Activation during a Critical Period Mimics the Protective Effects of Early Visual Experience on Perception and the Stability of Receptive Fields in Adult Superior Colliculus
- DOI:10.1523/jneurosci.2598-18.2019
- 发表时间:2019-06-05
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.3
- 作者:Mudd,David B.;Balmer,Timothy S.;Pallas,Sarah L.
- 通讯作者:Pallas,Sarah L.
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Sarah Pallas其他文献
Sarah Pallas的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Sarah Pallas', 18)}}的其他基金
Influences of ecological niche on mechanisms of visual pathway maturation
生态位对视觉通路成熟机制的影响
- 批准号:
2029980 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Role of Sensory Experience in Parcellation of Sensory Neocortex
感觉体验在感觉新皮质分区中的作用
- 批准号:
0451018 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Role of Sensory Experience in Parcellation of Sensory Neocortex
感觉体验在感觉新皮质分区中的作用
- 批准号:
0078110 - 财政年份:2000
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Role of Sensory Experience in Parcellation of Sensory Neocortex
感觉体验在感觉新皮质分区中的作用
- 批准号:
9796072 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Role of Sensory Experience in Parcellation of Sensory Neocortex
感觉体验在感觉新皮质分区中的作用
- 批准号:
9511430 - 财政年份:1995
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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Influences of ecological niche on mechanisms of visual pathway maturation
生态位对视觉通路成熟机制的影响
- 批准号:
2029980 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 100万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant