CRII: SaTC: Lendable: Designing Modular Hardware and Unobtrusive Interactions to Enable Convenient and Trustworthy Lending of Small Personal Computing Devices

人们经常想借或借个人电脑设备来完成许多任务：打电话、拍照、导航、看视频。然而，借贷设备是有风险的，因为它们存储了大量的个人信息，而且缺乏管理这些信息访问的良好工具。这导致贷方密切监视借款人的使用情况，或者根本不出借设备，这两种情况都限制了设备借贷的有用性，并可能导致尴尬的互动。该项目将开发机制，使贷款人能够更好地控制借款人可以使用的功能和数据，主要探索两个思路。第一种是使用越来越普遍的智能手表，支持对借来的智能手机进行不显眼的远程控制。第二种是采用模块化设计，其中数据存储在一个基本单元上，通过可拆卸的模块提供功能。当分离后，这些模块进入“访客模式”，在这种模式下，它们可以与基地通信，访问所需的功能，如位置或蜂窝网络服务，但无法访问所有者的个人数据。这项工作将扩展如何开发小型化和模块化技术的知识，以供多人使用，同时保护隐私。该项目还将为博士和本科生提供获得跨学科研究经验的机会，以及可供其他研究人员、设计师和制造商使用的开源软件和硬件原型。这项工作将分三个主要阶段进行。第一阶段将探索使用智能手表作为智能手机的基本单元的隐私需求和交互技术。通过部署具有不同级别访客访问权限的原型，研究人员将确定与常见借贷任务相关的常见类型的隐私要求。然后，他们将设计和评估不引人注目的交互技术的可用性，例如，设备是用哪只手借来的，或者设备的方向，以便在设备被借出时指定隐私设置。第二阶段将专注于设计模块化智能手机系统，使手机的功能自然地划分在各个模块之间，以平衡可用性和隐私问题。在这一阶段，研究人员将从焦点小组开始，使用模型进行需求分析，旨在确定如何将功能最好地分配给模块，以支持贷款，同时仍为贷方提供有用的功能。然后，他们将开发实现这些需求的物理原型，并与第一阶段一样，设计和评估不引人注目的模式切换交互的可用性，例如模块分离的方向或顺序。最后，受之前关于双面智能手表的工作和持续小型化计算设备的目标的启发，研究人员将把前两个重点结合起来，设计模块化智能手表原型和适当的交互技术来管理对它们的访问。

People often want to borrow or lend personal computing devices for many tasks: to make a phone call, to take some pictures, to navigate, to watch a video. Lending devices is risky, however, because of the amount of personal information they store and the lack of good tools for managing access to that information. This leads lenders to closely monitor borrowers' use, or to not lend the devices at all, both of which limit the usefulness of device lending and can lead to awkward interactions. This project will develop mechanisms to provide lenders with better control over the functions and data that borrowers can use, exploring two main ideas. The first is to use smartwatches, which are increasingly common, to support unobtrusive remote control of loaned smartphones. The second is to use modular designs, in which the data is stored on a base unit and features are provided through detachable modules. When separated, the modules enter a 'guest mode' where they can communicate with the base to access needed functions such as location or cellular network services, but are unable to access the owner's personal data. This work will extend knowledge of how to develop miniature and modular technologies designed to be used by multiple people while protecting privacy. The project will also provide PhD and undergraduate students opportunities to gain interdisciplinary research experiences, and open-source software and hardware prototypes that can be taken up by other researchers, designers, and makers. The work will proceed in three main stages. The first stage will explore the privacy needs and interaction techniques around using a smart watch as the base unit for a smart phone. Through deploying prototypes with varying levels of guest access, the researchers will determine the common kinds of privacy requirements associated with common lending tasks. They will then design and evaluate the usability of unobtrusive interaction techniques, such as which hand a device is loaned with or the orientation of the device, for specifying privacy settings when the device is lent. The second stage will focus on designing modular smartphone systems such that the phone's functions are naturally divided among modules to balance usability and privacy concerns. For this stage, the researchers will start with focus groups using mock-ups to do requirements analysis aimed at determining how features can best be allocated to modules to support lending while still providing lenders with useful functionality. They will then develop physical prototypes that realize these requirements and, as with the first stage, design and evaluate the usability of unobtrusive mode-switching interactions, such as the direction or order in which modules are detached. Finally, inspired by prior work on dual-face smartwatches and the goal of continued miniaturization of computing devices, the researchers will marry the first two thrusts, designing modular smartwatch prototypes and the appropriate interaction techniques for managing access to them.