Carbon Cycling in Carbonate-Dominated Benthic Ecosystems: Eddy Covariance Hydrogen Ion and Oxygen Fluxes

以碳酸盐为主的底栖生态系统中的碳循环：涡流协方差氢离子和氧通量

• 批准号: 1657727
• 负责人: Matthew Long
• 金额: $ 52.39万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1657727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Carbon; Cycling; Carbonate; Dominated; Benthic

Chemical and biological processes that occur in and on the seafloor can create chemical exchange of elements with seawater and make significant contributions to carbon and nutrient cycling in shallow coastal systems. However, these processes are exceedingly difficult to measure directly in the ocean, with no satisfactory methods currently available to quantify their full impact. The researchers undertaking this project have developed a unique, field instrument referred to as the Eddy Covariance H+ and O2 Exchange System (ECHOES). These novel measurements of hydrogen ion (H+) and oxygen (O2) exchange between the seafloor and the overlying seawater will allow unique, direct evaluation of the important linked biological and chemical reactions. Data from ECHOES will transform understanding of the potentially critical contribution of seafloor processes to the resilience of coastal ecosystems experiencing rapid changes in seawater chemistry. Results from this project will provide critical data for improved models of the consequences of coastal acidification. Additionally, this project will fund an early career scientist and the mentorship of undergraduate students in ocean science research through the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute's Summer Student Fellowship Program.Laboratory experiments have successfully examined the benthic response of individual organisms and chemical reactions to stress related to changing seawater chemistry but the integrated response of intact ecosystems has been very difficult to quantify due to unsatisfactory methods for in situ measurements of the required suite of biogeochemical fluxes. This deployment of ECHOES at a variety of carbonate-dominated seafloor sites in Bermuda is a pioneering effort to simultaneously measure net community production (NCP) and net community calcification (NCC). The study will focus on traditionally difficult-to-study systems including complex reefs, vertical seagrass canopies, and bare permeable sediments, evaluating diel variability, patchiness, and the impact of upstream fluxes on downstream ecosystems. Important biogeochemical parameters (e.g. pH, CO2, O2, alkalinity, etc.) in these productive shallow environments can experience daily fluctuations over a greater dynamic range than 100-year model projections for the open ocean due to increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore, the novel field data generated by this research will help define the potentially critical and heretofore ill-defined role for shallow, productive carbonate sediments in predictive models of ecosystem response to ocean acidification.

发生在海底和海底的化学和生物过程可以与海水进行元素的化学交换，并对浅海沿岸系统的碳和养分循环作出重大贡献。然而，在海洋中直接测量这些过程极其困难，目前还没有令人满意的方法来量化它们的全部影响。负责该项目的研究人员开发了一种独特的现场仪器，称为涡流相关H+和O2交换系统（ECHOES）。这些测量海底与上覆海水之间氢离子（H+）和氧（O2）交换的新方法，将允许对重要的相关生物和化学反应进行独特、直接的评估。来自echo的数据将改变对海底过程对经历海水化学快速变化的沿海生态系统恢复能力的潜在关键贡献的理解。该项目的结果将为改进沿海酸化后果的模型提供关键数据。此外，该项目将通过伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的暑期学生奖学金计划资助一位早期职业科学家和指导本科生进行海洋科学研究。实验室实验已经成功地检查了个别生物的底栖生物反应和与海水化学变化有关的压力的化学反应，但由于对所需的生物地球化学通量的现场测量方法不理想，很难量化完整生态系统的综合反应。在百慕大以碳酸盐为主的各种海底地点部署echo是同时测量净群落产量（NCP）和净群落钙化（NCC）的开创性工作。这项研究将集中在传统上难以研究的系统上，包括复杂的珊瑚礁、垂直海草冠层和裸露的可渗透沉积物，评估昼夜变化、斑块性以及上游通量对下游生态系统的影响。由于大气中二氧化碳的增加，这些生产性浅层环境中的重要生物地球化学参数（如pH值、CO2、O2、碱度等）在一个比开放海洋100年模式预估更大的动态范围内每日波动。因此，这项研究产生的新的野外数据将有助于确定浅层、生产性碳酸盐沉积物在海洋酸化生态系统响应预测模型中的潜在关键作用。

项目成果

Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems

关闭浅海沿海生态系统中的氧气质量平衡

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11248
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.;Rheuban, Jennie E.;McCorkle, Daniel C.;Burdige, David J.;Zimmerman, Richard C.
• 通讯作者: Zimmerman, Richard C.

Automated classification of three-dimensional reconstructions of coral reefs using convolutional neural networks

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230671
• 发表时间: 2020-03-24
• 期刊: PLOS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Hopkinson, Brian M.;King, Andrew C.;Bhandarkar, Suchendra M.
• 通讯作者: Bhandarkar, Suchendra M.

Aquatic Biogeochemical Eddy Covariance Fluxes in the Presence of Waves

波浪存在下的水生生物地球化学涡度协方差通量

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016637
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.

Taxon‐specific primary production rates on coral reefs in the Florida Keys

佛罗里达群岛珊瑚礁的分类单元特定初级生产率

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11627
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Owen, Daniel P.;Long, Matthew H.;Fitt, William K.;Hopkinson, Brian M.
• 通讯作者: Hopkinson, Brian M.