Collaborative Research: Axial 3-D - Exploring the linkages between complex magma chamber structure, caldera dynamics, fluid pathways and hydrothermal venting

合作研究：Axial 3-D - 探索复杂的岩浆房结构、火山口动力学、流体通道和热液喷发之间的联系

• 批准号: 1658018
• 负责人: Alistair Harding
• 金额: $ 19.69万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658018&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Axial; Exploring; linkages

This study will obtain a high-resolution three-dimensional map of the internal structure of the underwater Axial Volcano, which is located about 450 km offshore of Washington State. These data will address the age-old question, "How do volcanoes really work?". Axial Volcano is an ideal location to obtain information on the underground magma chamber because a lot of other data have already been collected there. The surface features of Axial Volcano have been mapped in detail and the volcano is monitored in real-time through the Ocean Observatory Initiative Seafloor (OOI) Observatory. Obtaining an image of the magma chamber structure will complement existing data and the real-time data being provided by OOI, and allow a much better understanding of how Axial Volcano works and when it might erupt. This study will advance understanding of volcanoes both on land and underwater world wide. The project provides training for graduate students and early career scientists. Access to the data will be open. This project will complete a comprehensive 3-D multichannel seismic survey of Axial Volcano and associated rift axes aboard the R/V Marcus Langseth. In addition, eight 15-km-long source-receiver offset 2-D reflection profiles will be collected to look at deep-seated structure of magma delivery. A sophisticated set of seismic imaging tools focused on multichannel seismic data collected in underwater volcanic terrains has been developed. This algorithm approach has been used in a number of marine environments in 2-D, with the greatest success thus far at Axial Volcano, where the roof and floor of the underlying magma chamber have been clearly imaged, along with fractures/conduits in the upper crust connecting the magma chamber to nearby hydrothermal vent fields. Despite this success, Axial Volcano is inherently 3-D in nature, thus requiring a 3-D approach to map the complex connections between the magma plumbing system at depth with eruption dynamics at the seafloor. For example, this approach is needed to understand (1) how 3-D fracture sets are associated with magma inflation/withdrawal, rifting, and gravitational spreading/collapse in the upper crust; (2) the geometry and interconnection of complex magma bodies of varying amounts of melt/mush; (3) the relationship between internal structure and seafloor observables such as hydrothermal fields and lava flows.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将获得水下轴向火山内部结构的高分辨率三维地图，该火山位于华盛顿州近海约450公里处。这些数据将解决一个古老的问题，“火山到底是如何工作的？". 轴向火山是获得地下岩浆房信息的理想地点，因为那里已经收集了许多其他数据。 已经详细绘制了Axial火山的表面特征图，并通过海洋观测倡议海底观测站对火山进行实时监测。 获得岩浆房结构的图像将补充现有数据和OOI提供的实时数据，并允许更好地了解轴向火山如何工作以及何时可能爆发。这项研究将促进对世界范围内陆地和水下火山的了解。该项目为研究生和早期职业科学家提供培训。对数据的访问将是开放的。该项目将在Marcus Langseth号研究船上完成对轴向火山和相关裂谷轴的全面三维多通道地震勘测。 此外，还将收集8个15公里长的源-接收器偏移二维反射剖面，以了解岩浆输送的深部结构。开发了一套先进的地震成像工具，重点是在水下火山地形收集的多通道地震数据。这种算法方法已被用于一些海洋环境中的2-D，最大的成功，迄今为止在轴火山，其中的顶部和底部的底层岩浆房已被清楚地成像，沿着与断裂/管道在上地壳连接岩浆房附近的热液喷口领域。尽管取得了这一成功，但轴向火山本质上是三维的，因此需要一种三维方法来绘制深处岩浆管道系统与海底喷发动力学之间的复杂联系。例如，需要这种方法来理解（1）三维断裂组如何与上地壳中的岩浆膨胀/收缩、裂谷和重力扩张/塌陷相关联;（2）具有不同数量熔体/糊状物的复杂岩浆体的几何形状和相互连接;（三）内部结构与海底可观测量（如热液场和熔岩流）之间的关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定基金会的使命是履行其使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评价，被认为值得支持。