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Collaborative Research: An Inquiry into Turkey Behavioral and Morphological Change

合作研究：火鸡行为和形态变化的调查

基本信息

批准号：
1658991
负责人：
Erin Thornton
金额：
$ 17.22万
依托单位：
Washington State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658991&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Inquiry into Turkey

项目摘要

Dr. Erin Thornton (Washington State University) and Dr. Kitty Emery (Florida Museum of Natural History), along with a network of colleagues in the United States, England, France and Mexico, will conduct inter-disciplinary research to document the development of turkey husbandry and domestication in ancient Mesoamerica. Through the process of animal domestication, humans assumed increasing control over the animal resources they relied on, and fundamentally altered how they interacted with and impacted their environment. The topic of animal domestication is therefore of crucial importance to understanding evolving human-animal and human-environment relationships. Animal domestication independently emerged on several continents during prehistoric times, but only a single vertebrate animal, the turkey, was domesticated in ancient North America. Relatively little is known about turkey domestication in comparison to the domestication of other animals. The history of turkey domestication is thus a large gap in our knowledge of animal husbandry, a subject that relates to important aspects of subsistence, cultural complexity, and human-environment interactions in the ancient Americas. Moreover, by addressing the impacts of domestication on turkey diet, morphology, and genetics, the research will contribute information regarding how animals respond to human interaction and manipulation. This information is relevant to many fields including anthropology, evolutionary and conservation biology, and animal science. This interdisciplinary research facilitates international collaboration among biologists and archaeologists in the United States, Mexico, England and France. The partnerships will also provide research training for students from several universities including the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Additionally, through open-access data storage and publication, this project will contribute to future research in both the biological and archaeological/anthropological sciences. The research team led by Drs. Thornton and Emery will combine morphological, osteometric, isotopic and genetic analyses to document the development of turkey husbandry and domestication throughout ancient Mesoamerica. Archaeological as well as historic and modern turkeys throughout Mexico will be analyzed to determine: 1) the timing and geographic origins of turkey domestication, 2) how the domestication process influenced the genetic and physical makeup of pre-Columbian and present-day Mexican turkey populations, and 3) the variable ways wild and domestic turkeys were integrated into Mesoamerican social and economic systems. Documenting the basic details of how, when and where the turkey domestication unfolded in Mesoamerica provides a stepping off point for addressing larger questions about the cultural and environmental context of North American animal domestication. For example, did ancient populations manage animal resources primarily to feed and supply growing populations, or were managed animals more often used in rituals, feasts or other displays of elite power? Is there evidence for widespread experimentation with turkey husbandry throughout Mesoamerica, or did domestic turkeys emerge from a small initial founding population? What morphological and genetic traits were under selection during the domestication process?

Erin Thornton博士（华盛顿州立大学）和Kitty Emery博士（佛罗里达自然历史博物馆）将与美国、英国、法国和墨西哥的同事一起进行跨学科研究，以记录古代中美洲火鸡饲养和驯化的发展。在动物驯化的过程中，人类对赖以生存的动物资源的控制能力不断增强，并从根本上改变了人类与环境的互动和影响方式。因此，动物驯化的话题对于理解进化中的人与动物和人与环境的关系至关重要。在史前时期，动物驯化独立出现在几个大陆上，但只有一种脊椎动物，火鸡，在古代北美被驯化。与其他动物的驯化相比，人们对火鸡的驯化所知相对较少。因此，火鸡驯化的历史是我们对畜牧业知识的一个巨大空白，畜牧业是一个涉及古代美洲生存、文化复杂性和人类与环境相互作用的重要方面的学科。此外，通过研究驯化对火鸡饮食、形态和遗传学的影响，该研究将有助于了解动物如何应对人类的互动和操纵。这些信息与许多领域相关，包括人类学、进化和保护生物学以及动物科学。这项跨学科的研究促进了美国、墨西哥、英国和法国的生物学家和考古学家之间的国际合作。这些伙伴关系还将为几所大学的学生提供研究培训，包括墨西哥国立大学Autónoma （UNAM）。此外，通过开放获取的数据存储和出版，该项目将有助于未来在生物学和考古学/人类学科学方面的研究。研究小组由博士领导。桑顿和埃默里将结合形态学、骨测量学、同位素和基因分析来记录整个古中美洲火鸡饲养和驯化的发展。将对墨西哥各地的考古、历史和现代火鸡进行分析，以确定：1)火鸡驯化的时间和地理起源；2)驯化过程如何影响前哥伦布时期和现在墨西哥火鸡种群的遗传和生理构成；3)野生火鸡和家养火鸡融入中美洲社会和经济体系的不同方式。记录火鸡在中美洲如何、何时、何地被驯化的基本细节，为解决有关北美动物驯化的文化和环境背景的更大问题提供了一个出发点。例如，古代人类管理动物资源主要是为了喂养和供应不断增长的人口，还是被管理的动物更多地用于仪式、宴会或其他精英权力的展示？是否有证据表明在整个中美洲进行了广泛的火鸡饲养实验，或者国内的火鸡是从一个小的初始种群中出现的？在驯化过程中选择了哪些形态和遗传性状？