Dielectric Loss Processes and Microwave Effects on Reactions in Homogeneous Solutions

本课题由化学系化学结构与动力学机制B项目资助，由北京大学化学与生物工程系的Albert E.佛罗里达州立大学的斯蒂格曼和格雷戈里B教授。西弗吉尼亚大学的达德利正在对微波加热如何影响动态化学过程进行更好的基本理解。微波能量可以在系统内产生热量的发现对社会产生了深远的影响，但直到最近几十年，这项技术才在有机化学中找到了战术用途。该项目的长期目标是战略性地利用微波能来扩大有机化学的能力。这个多学科项目位于化学反应动力学，热力学和化学合成的界面。它为来自不同背景的学生提供优质的教育和培训，包括来自代表性不足的群体的学生，以便在全球创新经济中进入充满活力和多学科的劳动力队伍。重点是通过在线教程网站、科学研讨会和前瞻性文章广泛传播微波介电加热的新兴理论，旨在帮助研究界在有机化学中战略性地应用微波加热。微波介电加热已知能够对均相体系进行体积加热和对非均相体系进行选择性加热，但是多组分溶液的选择性加热没有很好的文献记载。计划中的实验预计将证明：（1）选择性加热可以扰动多组分溶液中的热平衡，（2）热平衡的扰动产生对流加热无法产生的化学动力学和反应模式，以及（3）可以合理设计和优化适合选择性加热的溶液。拟议的研究工作可以推进微波介电加热下的化学动力学的知识和理解，包括它们与对流传热过程的不同。多组分溶液的选择性加热对精细化学合成、催化、绿色化学、流动化学等合成化学领域产生了深远的影响。

In this project, funded by the Chemical Structure, Dynamic & Mechanism B Program of the Chemistry Division, Professor Albert E. Stiegman at Florida State University and Professor Gregory B. Dudley at West Virginia University are developing a better fundamental understanding of how microwave heating can impact dynamic chemical processes. The discovery that microwave energy can create heat within a system has had profound impacts on society, but only in the last few decades has this technology found tactical use in organic chemistry. The long-term goal of this project is to harness microwave energy strategically to expand the capabilities of organic chemistry. This multidisciplinary project lies at the interface of chemical reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and chemical synthesis. It provides excellent education and training for students from diverse backgrounds, including those from under-represented groups, to enter a dynamic and multidisciplinary workforce in the global innovation-based economy. An emphasis is being placed on widespread dissemination of emerging theories of microwave dielectric heating through online tutorial websites, scientific workshops, and perspective articles aimed at helping the research community with the strategic application of microwave heating in organic chemistry.Microwave dielectric heating is known to enable volumetric heating of homogeneous systems and selective heating of heterogeneous systems, but selective heating of multicomponent solutions is not well documented. The planned experiments are expected to demonstrate that: (1) selective heating can perturb thermal equilibrium in multicomponent solution, (2) perturbation of thermal equilibrium produces chemical dynamics and reactivity patterns that cannot be produced with convective heating, and (3) solutions that are amenable to selective heating can be rationally designed and optimized. The proposed research efforts could advance knowledge and understanding of chemical dynamics under microwave dielectric heating, including how they differ from convective heat-transfer processes. Selective heating in multicomponent solution can have profound impacts on synthetic chemistry, including fine-chemical synthesis, catalysis, green chemistry, flow chemistry, etc.