Dielectric Loss Processes and Microwave Effects on Reactions in Homogeneous Solutions

在这个由化学系化学结构、动态和机理B计划资助的项目中，佛罗里达州立大学的阿尔伯特·E·斯蒂格曼教授和西弗吉尼亚大学的格雷戈里·B·达德利教授正在更好地了解微波加热如何影响动态化学过程。微波能在系统内产生热量的发现已经对社会产生了深远的影响，但直到最近几十年，这项技术才在有机化学中找到了战术上的用途。该项目的长期目标是战略性地利用微波能量来扩大有机化学的能力。这个多学科的项目涉及化学反应动力学、热力学和化学合成。它为来自不同背景的学生，包括那些来自代表性不足的群体的学生提供出色的教育和培训，使他们进入以创新为基础的全球经济中充满活力和多学科的劳动力队伍。重点是通过在线教程网站、科学研讨会和观点文章广泛传播微波介质加热的新兴理论，旨在帮助研究界在有机化学中应用微波加热的战略应用。众所周知，微波介质加热能够实现均相体系的体积加热和非均相体系的选择性加热，但对多组分溶液的选择性加热没有很好的文献记载。计划中的实验有望证明：(1)选择加热可以扰乱多组分溶液中的热平衡；(2)热平衡的扰动会产生对流加热不能产生的化学动力学和反应模式；(3)可以合理地设计和优化适合于选择加热的溶液。拟议的研究工作可以促进对微波介电加热下的化学动力学的了解和理解，包括它们与对流换热过程的不同之处。多组分溶液中的选择性加热可以对合成化学产生深远的影响，包括精细化学合成、催化、绿色化学、流动化学等。

In this project, funded by the Chemical Structure, Dynamic & Mechanism B Program of the Chemistry Division, Professor Albert E. Stiegman at Florida State University and Professor Gregory B. Dudley at West Virginia University are developing a better fundamental understanding of how microwave heating can impact dynamic chemical processes. The discovery that microwave energy can create heat within a system has had profound impacts on society, but only in the last few decades has this technology found tactical use in organic chemistry. The long-term goal of this project is to harness microwave energy strategically to expand the capabilities of organic chemistry. This multidisciplinary project lies at the interface of chemical reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and chemical synthesis. It provides excellent education and training for students from diverse backgrounds, including those from under-represented groups, to enter a dynamic and multidisciplinary workforce in the global innovation-based economy. An emphasis is being placed on widespread dissemination of emerging theories of microwave dielectric heating through online tutorial websites, scientific workshops, and perspective articles aimed at helping the research community with the strategic application of microwave heating in organic chemistry.Microwave dielectric heating is known to enable volumetric heating of homogeneous systems and selective heating of heterogeneous systems, but selective heating of multicomponent solutions is not well documented. The planned experiments are expected to demonstrate that: (1) selective heating can perturb thermal equilibrium in multicomponent solution, (2) perturbation of thermal equilibrium produces chemical dynamics and reactivity patterns that cannot be produced with convective heating, and (3) solutions that are amenable to selective heating can be rationally designed and optimized. The proposed research efforts could advance knowledge and understanding of chemical dynamics under microwave dielectric heating, including how they differ from convective heat-transfer processes. Selective heating in multicomponent solution can have profound impacts on synthetic chemistry, including fine-chemical synthesis, catalysis, green chemistry, flow chemistry, etc.