Collaborative research: The role of pCO2 in the astronomically-paced climatic cycles of the Miocene

合作研究:pCO2 在中新世天文气候循环中的作用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1702783
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2017-09-15 至 2019-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Earth's geologic record is paced by cyclical variations in the geometry of our planet's orbit around the sun, generally called Milankovitch cycles (named for the Serbian mathematician who first predicted the orbital variations). Over the last ~1 million years, these orbital variations caused global climatic oscillations between cold Ice Ages, when large ice sheets covered much of North America, and warmer Interglacial periods with climates similar to today's. Measurements of air bubbles of ancient atmosphere trapped in Antarctic ice cores has shown that these Ice Age cycles coincide with significant swings in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This suggests that the CO2 greenhouse effect plays a role climate change on orbital timescales. However, estimates of atmospheric CO2 from ice cores cover only the last 800,000 years, leaving open the question of whether atmospheric CO2 played a role in the Milankovitch forcing of climate during earlier times in Earth history. This research aims to fill this major knowledge gap by applying geochemical methods to reconstruct ancient CO2 at unprecedented resolution during a time interval with well-documented Milankovitch cycles ~14 million years ago, when global climate was warmer, and the continents were in different positions compared to today. The resulting high-resolution CO2 record will be coupled to a cutting-edge Earth System model to test hypotheses regarding how Milankovitch cycles control Earth's carbon cycle and climate. Together, new geochemical records and modeling undertaken during this project promise to refine understanding of the role of atmospheric CO2 during warm climates -- an issue of significant societal importance in light of currently increasing atmospheric CO2. Results will be communicated to the scientific community by publications in widely-read scientific journals, and to grade school students through by the creation and distribution of an illustrated book exploring the interaction between atmospheric CO2 and climate in Earth history.More specifically, this project aims to generate the first high-resolution (1 sample per ~5 thousand years) records of atmospheric pCO2 using the foraminiferal boron isotope proxy system coupled with matching proxy records of global temperature and carbon cycle dynamics in the mid-Miocene. This time interval was selected as an example of a warmer-than modern Earth with slightly higher background pCO2, smaller continental ice sheets, and well-defined Milankovitch cycles in climate and carbon cycling. The primary, high-resolution boron isotope record will be generated at Site 926 (Ceara Rise, Atlantic Ocean) with supplementary, lower resolution data generated at Sites 608 (North Atlantic) and 806 (Western Pacific). Boron isotope measurements will include the development and rigorous analytical testing of a new microsublimation method for boron separation from carbonate samples, which offers the prospect of smaller sample sizes and faster throughput. At Site 926, boron isotopes will be complemented by measurements of carbon isotopes (placing constraints on carbon cycling), oxygen isotopes (as a measure of paleotemperature and ice volume) and trace metal concentration including Mg/Ca (a paleotemperature proxy) and B/Ca (an emerging carbonate chemistry proxy) on both planktic and benthic foraminifera. These combined datasets will be used to reconstruct ocean temperatures and carbon cycle dynamics, and by comparison to the boron isotope-based CO2 record, allow estimates of temperature sensitivity to changing CO2 levels on orbital timescales. The new records will be used to guide model simulations of Milankovitch climate forcing in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (cGENIE), providing quantitative constraints on the mechanisms and feedbacks responsible for the Milankovitch control of climate and carbon cycling. Contrasting mid-Miocene and Pleistocene Milankovitch cycles will enable a direct assessment of the role of large continental ice-sheets in modulating the dynamics, and role, of orbitally-forced pCO2 variations.
地球的地质记录以地球围绕太阳运行的轨道几何形状的周期性变化为步调,通常被称为米兰科维奇周期(以最先预测轨道变化的塞尔维亚数学家的名字命名)。在过去的100万年里,这些轨道变化导致了在北美大部分地区被大冰盖覆盖的冷冰期和气候与今天相似的温暖间冰期之间的全球气候振荡。对困在南极冰芯中的古代大气的气泡的测量表明,这些冰河时代周期与大气二氧化碳(CO2)水平的显著波动相吻合。这表明,二氧化碳温室效应在轨道时间尺度上对气候变化起着作用。然而,对冰芯大气二氧化碳的估计只覆盖了过去80万年,这留下了一个悬而未决的问题,即大气二氧化碳是否在地球历史上早期的米兰科维奇气候强迫中发挥了作用。这项研究的目的是通过应用地球化学方法以前所未有的分辨率重建古代二氧化碳,以填补这一重大知识空白。这段时间间隔大约1400万年前,米兰科维奇旋回得到了很好的记录,当时全球气候变暖,大陆与今天处于不同的位置。由此产生的高分辨率二氧化碳记录将与尖端的地球系统模型相结合,以测试有关米兰科维奇循环如何控制地球碳循环和气候的假设。总而言之,在该项目期间进行的新的地球化学记录和建模有望完善对大气二氧化碳在温暖气候中的作用的理解--鉴于目前大气二氧化碳的增加,这是一个具有重大社会意义的问题。结果将通过广泛阅读的科学期刊上的出版物传达给科学界,并通过创作和发行一本探索地球历史上大气二氧化碳与气候之间相互作用的插图书来传达给小学生。更具体地说,该项目旨在利用有孔虫的硼同位素代理系统结合匹配的中中新世全球温度和碳循环动力学的代理记录来生成第一个高分辨率(每~5000年1个样本)大气二氧化碳记录。这段时间间隔被选为比现代地球更温暖的例子,背景二氧化碳略高,大陆冰盖较小,气候和碳循环中明确的米兰科维奇循环。最初的高分辨率硼同位素记录将在926号站点(大西洋塞拉隆起)生成,并在608号站点(北大西洋)和806号站点(西太平洋)生成补充的较低分辨率数据。硼同位素测量将包括开发和严格分析测试一种用于从碳酸盐样品中分离硼的新的微升华方法,该方法有望实现更小的样品尺寸和更快的生产能力。在926号站位,将通过测量浮游和海底有孔虫的碳同位素(限制碳循环)、氧同位素(作为古温度和冰量的量度)和痕量金属浓度,包括镁/钙(古温度指标)和B/钙(新兴的碳酸盐化学指标)来补充硼同位素。这些组合数据集将用于重建海洋温度和碳循环动力学,并通过与基于硼同位素的二氧化碳记录进行比较,可以估计轨道时间尺度上温度对二氧化碳水平变化的敏感性。这些新记录将用于指导在中等复杂性地球系统模型(CGENIE)中对米兰科维奇气候强迫的模型模拟,为米兰科维奇控制气候和碳循环的机制和反馈提供定量约束。对比中新世中期和更新世米兰科维奇旋回,将能够直接评估大型大陆冰盖在调节轨道强迫二氧化碳变化的动力学和作用方面的作用。

项目成果

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Howard Scher其他文献

AML-743 Germline Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) Influences the Fitness Impact of Oncologic Therapy on DNA Damage Response Gene Clonal Hematopoiesis (CH)
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s2152-2650(24)01245-x
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jeremy T. Baeten;Irenaeus C.C. Chan;Lea Moukarzel;Amber C. Carter;Minal Patel;Konrad Stopsack;Paul Pharoah;James Brenton;Bob Li;Wassim Abida;Alison Schram;Karen Cadoo;Britta Weigelt;Carlos Cruchaga;Howard Scher;Ross Levine;Elli Papaemmanuil;Daniel C. Link;Kelly L. Bolton
  • 通讯作者:
    Kelly L. Bolton
647 PHASE 1–2 STUDY OF MDV3100 IN PRE- AND POST-DOCETAXEL ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER: LONG-TERM EFFICACY RESULTS
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1549
  • 发表时间:
    2011-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Celestia Higano;Tomasz Beer;Evan Yu;Mary-Ellen Taplin;Eleni Efstathiou;Aseem Anand;Mohammad Hirmand;Martin Fleisher;Howard Scher
  • 通讯作者:
    Howard Scher
PD24-11 EVALUATION OF A MULTIMODAL STRATEGY TO ACCELERATE DRUG EVALUATIONS IN EARLY STAGE METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.1088
  • 发表时间:
    2017-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Matthew O'Shaughnessy;Sean McBride;Hebert Alberto Vargas;Karim Touijer;Michael Morris;Daniel Danila;Vincent Laudone;Bernard Bochner;Joel Sheinfeld;MinYuen Teo;Erica Dayan;Lawrence Bellomo;Glenn Heller;Michael Zelefsky;James Eastham;Peter Scardino;Howard Scher
  • 通讯作者:
    Howard Scher
Germline Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) Influences the Fitness Impact of Oncologic Therapy on DNA Damage Response Gene Clonal Hematopoiesis (CH)
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s2152-2650(24)00551-2
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jeremy T. Baeten;Irenaeus C.C. Chan;Lea Moukarzel;Amber C. Carter;Minal Patel;Konrad Stopsack;Paul Pharoah;James Brenton;Bob Li;Wassim Abida;Alison Schram;Karen Cadoo;Britta Weigelt;Carlos Cruchaga;Howard Scher;Ross Levine;Elli Papaemmanuil;Daniel C. Link;Kelly L. Bolton
  • 通讯作者:
    Kelly L. Bolton
Impact of PARP Inhibitor and Platinum Therapy on Clonal Hematopoiesis
  • DOI:
    10.1182/blood-2023-190457
  • 发表时间:
    2023-11-02
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Jeremy T. Baeten;Irenaeus C.C. Chan;Lea Moukarzel;Amber C. Carter;Minal Patel;Konrad H. Stopsack;Paul Pharoah;James Brenton;Bob T Li;Wassim Abida;Alison M. Schram;Karen Cadoo;Britta Weigelt;Carlos Cruchaga;Howard Scher;Ross L Levine;Elli Papaemmanuil;Daniel C. Link;Kelly L. Bolton
  • 通讯作者:
    Kelly L. Bolton

Howard Scher的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Howard Scher', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: US GEOTRACES Arctic section; Nd and REE cycling in the Arctic Ocean
合作研究:美国GEOTRACES北极部分;
  • 批准号:
    1458936
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Seeking Hidden Glaciations of the Greenhouse World
寻找温室世界隐藏的冰川
  • 批准号:
    1155630
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Stable strontium isotope ratios (88/86Sr) in abiotic and microbially mediated barite
合作研究:非生物和微生物介导的重晶石中的稳定锶同位素比率 (88/86Sr)
  • 批准号:
    1053474
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: US GEOTRACES North Atlantic Section - Nd isotope distribution: sources, sinks and internal cycling
合作研究:US GEOTRACES 北大西洋部分 - Nd 同位素分布:源、汇和内循环
  • 批准号:
    0926981
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: IPY: Testing the Polar Gateway Hypothesis: An Integrated Record of Drake Passage Opening & Antarctic Glaciation
合作研究:IPY:测试极地网关假说:德雷克海峡开放的综合记录
  • 批准号:
    0946339
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: IPY: Testing the Polar Gateway Hypothesis: An Integrated Record of Drake Passage Opening & Antarctic Glaciation
合作研究:IPY:测试极地网关假说:德雷克海峡开放的综合记录
  • 批准号:
    0732940
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 13.61万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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