SusChEM: GOALI: Drinking Water Safety and Sustainability: Identifying Key Chemical Drivers of Toxicity for Long-Term Solutions in the United States

SusChEM：目标：饮用水安全和可持续性：确定美国长期解决方案毒性的关键化学驱动因素

• 批准号: 1705206
• 负责人: Susan Richardson
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1705206&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; GOALI; Drinking; Water; Safety

Collaborative ProposalPIs: Susan D. Richardson/Michael PlewaProposal Number: 1705206/1706862The majority of citizens in the US consume disinfected water. Chemical disinfectants inactivate pathogens in drinking water; however, an unintended consequence is their reaction with natural organic matter (NOM), anthropogenic contaminants, and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). For our drinking water supplies, a wide range of pristine and impacted waters are used, where high levels of certain emerging DBPs of concern have been reported. As a result, DBPs represent a ubiquitous chronic chemical exposure, yet the forcing agents for toxicity remain unknown. This research will address this knowledge gap, serve as the basis for a future wider International DBP study, and create a new paradigm for drinking water regulation to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. The PIs will employ the on-going academic programs at their universities to provide research experiences for undergraduate and high school students, in particular students from underrepresented groups. An international group of leading scientists participating at the 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products met to address these issues and recommended an International DBP study to (1) evaluate DBP levels globally, focusing on key emerging DBPs and surrogate parameters: total organic chlorine (TOCl), total organic bromine (TOBr), total organic iodine (TOI), and (2) determine which subsets of DBPs are the forcing agents of toxicity. The PIs seek to accomplish these goals in an initial assessment in the US. Results from this research will generate data to better understand DBP risks, determine the forcing agents of toxicity, and enable long-term engineering solutions to enhance drinking water safety and sustainability. This research will identify the drivers of in vitro toxicity as a metric of potential human health risk for DBPs in drinking water from the United States and will serve as the basis for a future International DBP study that will globally assess DBP risks. While it is widely recognized that individual bromine- and iodine-containing DBPs are more toxic than their chlorine-containing analogues, the correlation of TOCl, TOBr, and TOI with a wide range of individual DBPs has not been evaluated. These chemical surrogates are recognized as holding great potential (especially TOBr and TOI) for accounting for risk, both from known DBPs (including the 65 priority DBPs to be quantified in this study) and the unknown DBPs, where 50% of the total organic halogen (TOX) content has yet to be identified. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has expressed interest in the potential to use these kinds of surrogates for regulation if they adequately represent the adverse health risk from halogenated DBPs. Thus, this research also has the potential to modify regulations as we know them today and better protect human health and enable global, safe, and sustainable drinking water.

合作提案PI：Susan D. Richardson/Michael Plewa提案编号：1705206/1706862美国大多数公民都使用消毒水。 化学消毒剂可杀灭饮用水中的病原体;然而，一个意想不到的后果是它们与天然有机物（NOM）、人为污染物和溴化物/碘化物反应形成消毒副产物（DBPs）。 就我们的饮用水供应而言，我们使用广泛的原始和受影响的沃茨，其中报告了高水平的某些新出现的令人担忧的DBPs。 因此，消毒副产物代表了一种普遍存在的慢性化学品暴露，但毒性的强迫剂仍然未知。 这项研究将解决这一知识差距，作为未来更广泛的国际DBP研究的基础，并为饮用水监管创造新的范式，以提高饮用水安全性和可持续性。研究所将利用其大学正在进行的学术课程，为本科生和高中生，特别是来自代表性不足群体的学生提供研究经验。参加2015年戈登饮用水消毒副产品研究会议的一个国际领先科学家小组开会解决这些问题，并建议开展国际DBP研究，以（1）评估全球DBP水平，重点关注关键新兴DBP和替代参数：总有机氯（TOCl）、总有机溴（TOBr）、总有机碘（TOI），以及（2）确定DBPs的哪些子集是毒性的强制因子。PI试图在美国的初步评估中实现这些目标。这项研究的结果将产生数据，以更好地了解DBP风险，确定毒性的强制因子，并实现长期的工程解决方案，以提高饮用水的安全性和可持续性。这项研究将确定体外毒性的驱动因素，作为衡量美国饮用水中DBP潜在人类健康风险的指标，并将作为未来国际DBP研究的基础，该研究将在全球范围内评估DBP风险。虽然人们普遍认为，个别含溴和碘的DBP比其含氯类似物更具毒性，但尚未评估TOCl、TOBr和TOI与各种个别DBP的相关性。这些化学替代物被认为具有很大的潜力（特别是TOBr和TOI），可以解释已知的DBP（包括本研究中要量化的65种优先DBP）和未知的DBP（其中50%的总有机卤素（TOX）含量尚未确定）的风险。美国环境保护局（EPA）表示，如果这些替代品足以代表卤代消毒副产物对健康的不利风险，则有兴趣使用这些替代品进行监管。因此，这项研究也有可能修改我们今天所知道的法规，更好地保护人类健康，实现全球安全和可持续的饮用水。

项目成果

To regulate or not to regulate? What to do with more toxic disinfection by-products?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.103939
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Richardson, Susan D.;Plewa, Michael J.
• 通讯作者: Plewa, Michael J.