Study of Magnetically Driven Cylindrical Compression to Create Strongly Coupled Matter

磁驱动圆柱压缩产生强耦合物质的研究

• 批准号: 1707357
• 负责人: Hiroshi Sawada
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1707357&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Study; Magnetically; Driven; Cylindrical; Compression

This project develops a new experimental platform combining strong magnetic fields for compression of a metal rod, and a high power laser for high-energy x-ray generation as diagnostics. When a solid material is gradually compressed to high pressures above a million atmospheres, the solid state can be transformed to liquid, gas and eventually plasma. This high density, low temperature state of matter is called a strongly coupled plasma, as found in laser fusion cores and dense astrophysical objects. Modeling of material properties in this regime is challenging because it is too cold and dense to apply ideal plasma theory, but the thermal temperature is too high to be treated with condensed matter physics. Thus, experimental benchmarking of the physics models is important for understanding fundamental properties of high-pressured materials. So far, most compression experiments have been conducted on large laser or pulsed electrical current facilities at national laboratories with limited numbers of shots. Using a cost-effective, university-scale facility, this project will explore the feasibility of magnetically driven cylindrical compression to produce pressures comparable to or even higher than those with a planar compression technique used on large facilities. Laser-produced hard x-rays penetrate through a compressed cylinder, providing information on its density profile and material structure. If successful, the cylindrical compression with a compact pulsed power will allow researchers to study a wide range of materials in the strongly coupled regime for fundamental science and applications. This project will provide full-time support for a graduate student to be trained in relativistic laser-plasma interaction and pulsed power plasma physics.The goal of this project is twofold: characterization of short-pulse laser-produced hard x-rays and demonstration of x-ray probing of a magnetically compressed millimeter-diameter aluminum rod. Coupled experiments simultaneously using a Mega Ampere (MA) pulsed power and a high power laser in the same vacuum chamber are currently available only at the University of Nevada - Reno Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF) and at the Z-Machine at Sandia National Laboratory. The experiments will fully utilize the NTF's coupled capability with the 1.0 MA Zebra pulsed power and 50 Terawatt Leopard short-pulse laser. Broadband and monochromatic hard x-rays ( 10 keV) produced in the laser-target interaction will be measured with calibrated x-ray spectrometers and filter stack spectrometers. Compression of a solid Al rod with a diameter ranging from several hundred microns to a few millimeters will be studied with x-ray radiography and x-ray diffraction.

该项目开发了一个新的实验平台，结合了用于压缩金属棒的强磁场和用于产生高能X射线作为诊断的高功率激光。当固体材料被逐渐压缩到超过一百万个大气压的高压时，固态可以转化为液体，气体和最终的等离子体。这种高密度、低温状态的物质被称为强耦合等离子体，如在激光聚变核和致密天体中发现的那样。在这种状态下对材料性质进行建模是具有挑战性的，因为它太冷且密度太大，无法应用理想等离子体理论，但热温度太高，无法用凝聚态物理学处理。因此，物理模型的实验基准对于理解高压材料的基本性质是重要的。到目前为止，大多数压缩实验都是在国家实验室的大型激光或脉冲电流设备上进行的，发射次数有限。该项目将使用具有成本效益的大学规模设施，探索磁驱动圆柱形压缩的可行性，以产生与大型设施上使用的平面压缩技术相当甚至更高的压力。激光产生的硬X射线穿透压缩的圆柱体，提供其密度分布和材料结构的信息。如果成功的话，具有紧凑脉冲功率的圆柱形压缩将使研究人员能够在强耦合机制中研究各种材料，用于基础科学和应用。该项目将为一名研究生提供相对论性激光-等离子体相互作用和脉冲功率等离子体物理方面的培训，该项目的目标是双重的：短脉冲激光产生的硬X射线的表征和磁压缩毫米直径铝棒的X射线探测演示。在同一真空室中同时使用兆安培（MA）脉冲功率和高功率激光的耦合实验目前仅在内华达州-里诺大学内华达州太瓦设施（NTF）和桑迪亚国家实验室的Z-机器上可用。实验将充分利用NTF与1.0 MA Zebra脉冲功率和50太瓦Leopard短脉冲激光器的耦合能力。宽带和单色硬X射线（10千电子伏）产生的激光靶相互作用将被测量校准的X射线光谱仪和过滤器堆栈光谱仪。用X射线照相和X射线衍射研究了直径从几百微米到几毫米的实心铝棒的压缩。

项目成果

2D monochromatic x-ray imaging for beam monitoring of an x-ray free electron laser and a high-power femtosecond laser

用于 X 射线自由电子激光器和高功率飞秒激光器光束监测的 2D 单色 X 射线成像

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0014329
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Review of Scientific Instruments
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Sawada, H.;Trzaska, J.;Curry, C. B.;Gauthier, M.;Fletcher, L. B.;Jiang, S.;Lee, H. J.;Galtier, E. C.;Cunningham, E.;Dyer, G.
• 通讯作者: Dyer, G.

Development of broadband x-ray radiography for diagnosing magnetically driven cylindrically compressed matter

开发用于诊断磁驱动圆柱形压缩物质的宽带 X 射线照相术

• DOI: 10.1063/1.5100173
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Sawada, H.;Daykin, T. S.;Hutchinson, T. M.;Bauer, B. S.;Ivanov, V. V.;Beg, F. N.;Chen, H.;Williams, G. J.;McLean, H. S.
• 通讯作者: McLean, H. S.

Characterization of sub-picosecond laser-produced fast electrons by modeling angularly resolved bremsstrahlung measurements with 3D hybrid particle-in-cell code

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0089464
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: L. Chen;H. Sawada

Development of a predictive capability of short-pulse laser-driven broadband x-ray radiography

短脉冲激光驱动宽带 X 射线照相预测能力的发展

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab8413
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Sawada, Hiroshi;Salinas, Christopher M;Beg, Farhat N;Chen, Hui;Link, Anthony J;McLean, Harry S;Patel, Pravesh K;Ping, Yuan;Williams, Gerald J
• 通讯作者: Williams, Gerald J

Characterization of fast electron divergence and energy spectrum from modeling of angularly resolved bremsstrahlung measurements

通过角分辨轫致辐射测量建模来表征快速电子发散和能谱

• DOI: 10.1063/1.5055257
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Daykin, T. S.;Sawada, H.;Sentoku, Y.;Beg, F. N.;Chen, H.;McLean, H. S.;Link, A. J.;Patel, P. K.;Ping, Y.
• 通讯作者: Ping, Y.