Stanford Program in Support of LIGO - Seismic Isolation and Controls

在现代望远镜中，该仪器的大部分价值在于安装和跟踪的稳定性。对于激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)来说尤其如此--悬挂和隔离的价值至关重要，因为反射镜必须悬挂在摇晃的地面上方。斯坦福大学的工作重点是设计和实施支撑4公里长LIGO干涉仪光学元件的支架。目前的设施擅长将LIGO从典型的地面震动中隔离出来；这笔赠款将资助几项相关工作，以改善LIGO探测器在大地震扰动期间的稳健运行，它还将资助新技术的开发，以隔离未来低温探测器的光学元件。为了改善现有观测站的占空比，这笔赠款支持通过结合计算流体力学、风洞测试和观测站现场测量来开发低成本风障和改进的控制算法，以减轻风暴对探测器的影响。这笔赠款还支持开发和测试新的控制方案，以帮助改善探测器在远震大地震期间的操作。最近的研究表明，地震期间近90%的低频地面运动是探测器中所有光学元件所共有的。新的研究将积极协调所有平台的运动，以同时最大限度地减少在天文台4公里长范围内的共模驱动和差模运动。控制力的大幅减少和差分漂移的改善有望显著提高探测器的整体稳健性。斯坦福大学运营着工程测试设备，这是一个10米长的真空系统，带有一个原型隔离系统，在那里进行引力波开发的集成硬件和软件开发。这笔赠款用于该设施的研究，以隔离目前处于早期规划阶段的观测站。未来的探测器有望使用冷却光学来降低反射镜的热驱动(布朗)噪声。然而，这些反射镜将有超过一兆瓦的激光功率入射到它们上面，因此在低温下运行它们需要不断地去除大量热能的能力。这样做的技术将在原型隔离平台上进行测试，以便可以同时开发和测试冷却和振动控制的要求。

In modern telescopes, much of the instrument's value lies in the stability of the mount and tracking. This is especially true for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) - the value of the suspension and isolation is paramount because the mirrors must be suspended above the shaking ground. The work at Stanford is focused on the design and implementation of the mount that supports the optics for the 4-km long LIGO interferometer. The current facilities excel at isolating LIGO from the typical shaking of the ground; this grant will fund several related efforts to improve the robust operation of the LIGO detectors during large seismic disturbances, and it will also fund development of new techniques to isolate the optics of future, cryogenic detectors.To improve the duty cycle of the existing observatories, this grant supports work to mitigate the impact of wind storms on the detectors by combining computational fluid dynamics, wind tunnel tests, and observatory field measurements to develop low-cost wind barriers and improved control algorithms. The grant also supports development and testing of novel control schemes to help improve the operation of the detector during large, teleseismic earthquakes. Recent work has shown that nearly 90% of the low frequency ground motion during an earthquake is common to all the optics in the detector. The new research will actively coordinate the motion of all the platforms to simultaneously minimize the common-mode drives and the differential-mode motion over the 4-km length of the observatory. The large reduction in control force, and the improvement in differential excursions is expected to significantly improve the overall robustness of the detector. Stanford University operates the Engineering Test Facility, a 10-meter vacuum system with a prototype isolation system, where integrated hardware and software development for gravitational wave development is conducted. This grant funds research in this facility for seismic isolation of observatories which are now in the early planning stages. Future detectors are expected to use cooled optics to reduce the thermally driven (Brownian) noise of the mirrors. However, these mirrors will have more than a megawatt of laser power incident upon them, so running them at cryogenic temperatures requires the ability to continuous remove significant thermal energy. Techniques to do this will be tested on the prototype isolation platform so that the requirements for cooling and vibration control can be developed and tested simultaneously.