The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network

天体物理现象，特别是能量最大的天体，可能会发射出从光子到中微子和宇宙射线的一系列粒子。它们也可能产生引力辐射。这些“信使”携带着这些源头中能量和物理条件的细节。天体物理多信使观测站网络（AMON）旨在通过将世界领先的多信使观测站合并到一个单一的数据系统中来发现和研究新的天体物理现象。AMON将连接观测高能中微子的设施（IceCube和ANTARES中微子观测站），作为宇宙射线观测的亚原子粒子（Pierre Auger宇宙射线观测站），伽马射线光子（Swift和Fermi卫星以及HAWC和VERITAS地面观测站），以及表现为引力波的时空结构振荡（Advanced LIGO和VIRGO引力波探测器）。 有了这个更新的奖项，PI将建立一个生产网络，专注于发现第一个共同发射高能中微子，伽马射线和/或引力波的天体物理源。 PI还将继续运行“AstroTxt”，这是一个让宾夕法尼亚州中部的初中和高中学生使用AMON数据和操作的项目。AMON包括一个多信使数据库和用于数据交换和分析的工具，以实现参与设施之间的互操作性。 AMON将能够实时分析低于单个观测站检测阈值的数据，但在与其他观测站数据的联合重合分析中可能达到高度重要性。 AMON网络基础设施能够进行时间紧迫的分析，每个候选天体物理信号都被打包为AMON警报，并分发给后续设施网络进行对应搜索和表征。 此外，AMON还部署了软件和数据库接口，使合作伙伴能够对AMON档案进行联合分析，包括搜索持久的多信使来源。

Astrophysical phenomena, and particularly the most energetic, may emit a range of particles from photons to neutrinos and cosmic rays. They may also produce gravitational radiation. These "messengers" carry details of the energetics and physical conditions in these sources. The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) aims to discover and study new astrophysics phenomena by merging the world's leading multimessenger observatories into a single data system. AMON will link facilities that observe high-energy neutrinos (the IceCube and ANTARES Neutrino Observatories), the sub-atomic particles observed as cosmic rays (the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory), gamma-ray photons (the Swift and Fermi satellites, and the HAWC and VERITAS ground-based observatories), and oscillations in the fabric of space-time manifested as gravitational waves (the Advanced LIGO and VIRGO gravitational-wave detectors). With this renewal award, the PIs will construct a production network focused on discovering the first astrophysical sources jointly emitting high-energy neutrinos, gamma rays and/or gravitational waves. The PIs will also continue to run "AstroTxt," a project that engages central Pennsylvania middle and high school students with AMON data and operations.AMON consists of a multimessenger database and tools for data exchange and analysis for interoperability between participating facilities. AMON will enable real-time analysis of data that are below a detection threshold in an individual observatory but may achieve a high level of significance in joint-coincidence analyses with data from other observatories. The AMON cyberinfrastructure enables time-critical analyses, with each candidate astrophysical signal packaged as an AMON Alert and distributed to a network of follow-up facilities for counterpart search and characterization. Furthermore, AMON has deployed software and database interfaces to enable partner collaborations to carry out joint analyses on the AMON archive, including searches for persistent multimessenger sources.