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NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2017: Historical Dynamics of Native Ant Communities of the Southeastern U.S.: Community Responses to Invasion by Exotic Ant Species

2017 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：美国东南部本土蚂蚁群落的历史动态：社区对外来蚂蚁物种入侵的反应

基本信息

批准号：
1710645
负责人：
Douglas Booher
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Booher Douglas B
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1710645&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Biology FY

项目摘要

This is an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology, under the program Research Using Biological Collections. The fellow, Doug Booher, is conducting research and receiving training that utilizes biological collections in innovative ways, and is being mentored by two sponsoring scientists at two host institutions: Corrie Moreau (Field Museum of Natural History) and Andrew Suarez (University of Illinois). The fellow's research aims to describe and explain the changes in the abundance, distribution, and diversity of native species as non-native species arrived and spread. Human-caused transport of non-native plants and animals is moving species at unprecedented rates across the globe. These introduced species are the second leading cause of extinctions. Therefore, understanding how invasive species impact ecological communities over different time scales is a major question in ecological research. In Florida, approximately 25% of 239 ant species are non-native and about half these introductions happened in the last 35 years. The fellow is assessing the impact of invasive ant species, using very large and geographically extensive collections of ant communities collected in Florida over the past several decades, supplemented by older records in museum collections. In addition to pursuing these research interests, the fellow is engaging in public outreach programs for grade-school age children as well as training future scientists through integrative biology internship programs while conducting research at Field Museum and the University of Illinois.This research has two main objectives in using available museum collections: (1) to investigate the long-term fates of invasive species and the corresponding dynamics of native communities after invasion to test competing hypotheses of community assembly i.e. neutral vs. niche assembly; and (2) to evaluate the importance of seven traits hypothesized to explain the ecological success of invasive species. Traits hypothesized to confer competitive success are continuous reproduction, polygyny, supercoloniality, omnivory, habitat generality, nest opportunism, and worker polymorphism. For these objectives, the fellow will investigate community dynamics at two phylogenetic scales: at a coarse phylogenetic scale, communities of all ants, and at a finer phylogenetic scale, communities of congeneric ants. In Florida, there are five common and/or diverse ant genera with native and non-native representative species. This will allow for a phylogenetically controlled statistical comparisons of ant community dynamics where members of these communities are more likely to overlap in life history and ecological traits due to shared ancestry. Once digitized, the collections data of this research will be publicly available through Antweb.org. As one of the largest and longest time series collections of ants from a single region, these data will be invaluable to community ecologist, invasive ecologists, pest management scientist, evolutionary biologist, biodiversity scientists, climate scientists, and conservationist.

这是美国国家科学基金会生物学博士后研究奖学金，隶属于生物馆藏研究项目。研究员道格·布尔正在进行研究并接受培训，以创新的方式利用生物收藏品，并由两个主办机构的两位赞助科学家指导：科里·莫罗（菲尔德自然历史博物馆）和安德鲁·苏亚雷斯（伊利诺伊大学）。该研究员的研究旨在描述和解释随着非本地物种的到来和传播，本地物种的丰度、分布和多样性的变化。人类造成的非本地动植物的运输正在以前所未有的速度在全球范围内移动物种。这些引进的物种是导致物种灭绝的第二大原因。因此，了解入侵物种如何在不同的时间尺度上影响生态群落是生态学研究的一个主要问题。在佛罗里达州，239种蚂蚁中约有25%是非本地蚂蚁，其中约一半是在过去35年引进的。这位研究员正在评估入侵蚂蚁物种的影响，他使用了过去几十年来在佛罗里达州收集的大量的、地理分布广泛的蚂蚁群落，并辅以博物馆收藏的较早的记录。除了追求这些研究兴趣之外，该研究员还参与了针对小学适龄儿童的公共推广项目，并在菲尔德博物馆和伊利诺伊大学进行研究时，通过综合生物学实习项目培训未来的科学家。本研究利用现有的博物馆藏品有两个主要目的：(1)调查入侵物种的长期命运和入侵后本地群落的相应动态，以检验群落组装的竞争性假设，即中性与生态位组装；(2)评估7个特征对解释入侵物种生态成功的重要性。据推测，具有竞争优势的特征包括连续繁殖、一夫多妻制、超殖民化、杂食性、栖息地普遍性、筑巢机会主义和工蚁多态性。为了实现这些目标，该研究员将在两个系统发育尺度上研究群落动态：在粗糙的系统发育尺度上，所有蚂蚁的群落，以及在精细的系统发育尺度上，同源蚂蚁的群落。在佛罗里达州，有五种常见和/或多样化的蚂蚁属，有本地和非本地的代表性物种。这将允许对蚂蚁群落动态进行系统发育控制的统计比较，这些群落的成员更有可能在生活史和生态特征上重叠，因为它们有共同的祖先。一旦数字化，这项研究的收集数据将通过Antweb.org公开。作为单一地区规模最大、时间最长的蚂蚁序列之一，这些数据对群落生态学家、入侵生态学家、病虫害防治科学家、进化生物学家、生物多样性科学家、气候科学家和自然资源保护学家具有重要的价值。