Nation, Society an Military in post-revolutionary France: the Political and Social Impact of the French National Guard (1814-1852)

该研究项目涉及1814年至1852年间的法国国民警卫队。法国国民警卫队起源于1789年的公民民兵组织，其成员热衷于保护他们的财产和捍卫他们的政治利益，它随着1791年的宪法而制度化，直到1872年第三共和国成立时才解散。国民警卫队是一支志愿部队，在1814年君主制回归、1830年7月革命和1848年革命等政治变化中发挥了重要作用。该项目旨在调查1814年至1852年之间的法国国民警卫队，作为反映当代经验和不同政治和社会秩序概念的镜子，这些都是通过国民警卫队来实现的。最重要的是，该项目强调了国民警卫队的工具化与后者的机构自愿之间的复杂关系。因此，国民警卫队被分析为社会的重要组成部分，其成员在1814年之后的君主立宪制时期和1848年以后的第二共和国时期为维持公共秩序服务。然而，作为革命战争和拿破仑战争的老兵，他们的经历可以追溯到革命和帝国时代。因此，卫士们对1814年后的社会政治环境采取了批判的态度，这导致他们强加了自己的政治观点和社会观念。

The research project deals with the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852.The French National Guard arises from the civic militias in 1789, whose members were keen on protecting their properties and defending their political interests, it was institutionalised with the constitution of 1791 and dissolved only in 1872 at the beginning of the Third Republic. The National Guard was a voluntary troop which played a major role during political changes like the return of the monarchy in 1814, the Julyrevolution in 1830 and the revolution of 1848.This project aims at investigating the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852 as a mirror reflecting contemporary experiences and the the different concepts of political and social order, which were meant to be realised with the National Guard. Most importantly, the project stresses the complex relation between the instrumentalisation of the National Guard on the one hand and the institutional self-will of the latter on the other. The National Guard is hence analysed as an important part of the society whose members served for the maintenance of public order during the constitutional monarchy after 1814 and during the Second Republic from 1848 onwards. As veterans of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, their experiences however went back to the era of the Revolution and the Empire. As a result the guardsmen adopted a critical view as for the social and political circumstances of their time after 1814, which led them to impose their own political opinions and ideas of social concepts.