Foreignness and Monarchic Rule in the First World War: A Crisis of Transnational Monarchy, 1914-1927

第一次世界大战中的异族与君主统治：跨国君主制的危机，1914-1927

• 批准号: 410402546
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jörn Leonhard
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte Westeuropas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/410402546?language=en
• 关键词: Foreignness; Monarchic; Rule; First; World

The project studies the phenomenon of foreign monarchs and consorts in the age of nationalism. While national ideas increasingly gained influence during the nineteenth century, the transnationality of European monarchies increased at the same time. Because of the creation of new monarchies under foreign princes in newly founded nation-states as well as the intensification of transnational marriage patterns among the European high-aristocracy, the nineteenth century became a peak period of monarchic foreignness. The project systematically analyses foreign monarchies and transnational marriages and detailly examines how these phenomena were affected by the First World War as a crisis of transnational monarchy and period of xenophobic hysteria. In addition to the comparison of the main case studies Romania and Belgium, the project asymmetrically covers several other countries and thereby includes all dimensions of perception and discussion of monarchic foreignness. The tension between transnationality and nationalization was a characteristic element of nineteenth-century monarchy in Europe, which was further problematized by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. As aggressive war nationalism challenged monarchy’s traditional languages of loyalty, foreign-born monarchs and consorts were forced to privately and publicly re-define their relationships to their countries of origin and the nations they ruled. The project investigates accusations and suspicions against foreign kings and queens, researches new developed strategies of legitimation and examines the utilisation of monarchic foreignness. Through a multi-perspective approach to the international discourses around foreign monarchies and monarchical family networks, the project explains the importance of monarchic foreignness for the political processes of the time and shows the influence of the concept of foreign monarchy on the reorganization of the world after the war. Incorporating the interwar period, the project also illustrates that even after 1918 monarchic foreignness and transnationality continued to play a role in national and international politics. Thereby, the project contributes to the comparative study of monarchy and provides new perspectives to the research of nationalism, imperialism and democratization.

该项目研究民族主义时代的外国君主和配偶现象。当民族观念在19世纪日益获得影响力时，欧洲君主制的跨国性也在增加。由于在新成立的民族国家中建立了外国王子统治下的新君主制，以及欧洲高级贵族之间跨国婚姻模式的加剧，19世纪成为君主制外国化的高峰时期。该项目系统地分析了外国君主制和跨国婚姻，并详细研究了这些现象如何受到第一次世界大战的影响，作为跨国君主制的危机和仇外歇斯底里时期。除了比较罗马尼亚和比利时的主要案例研究外，该项目还不对称地涵盖了其他几个国家，从而包括了对君主制外国性的所有感知和讨论。跨国性和国有化之间的紧张关系是19世纪欧洲君主制的一个特征，1914年第一次世界大战的爆发进一步加剧了这一问题。随着侵略性的战争民族主义挑战君主制的传统忠诚语言，外国出生的君主和配偶被迫私下和公开重新定义他们与原籍国和他们统治的国家的关系。该项目调查了对外国国王和王后的指控和怀疑，研究了合法化的新发展战略，并审查了君主制外国性的利用。通过对围绕外国君主制和君主制家庭网络的国际话语的多视角方法，该项目解释了君主制外国性对当时政治进程的重要性，并展示了外国君主制概念对战后世界重组的影响。除了两次世界大战之间的时期，该项目还表明，即使在1918年之后，君主制的外国性和跨国性继续在国家和国际政治中发挥作用。因此，该项目有助于君主制的比较研究，并为民族主义、帝国主义和民主化的研究提供了新的视角。