Elucidating the Genetic Control of Long-term Success in a Near Century Long Study of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

这一行动为NSF国家植物基因组计划2017财年生物学博士后研究奖学金提供了资金。该奖学金支持在东道主实验室为该研究员制定的研究和培训计划，该研究员还提出了扩大生物学参与度的计划。该奖学金的主办机构是加州大学河滨分校，赞助科学家是丹尼尔·科尼格博士。大麦是世界上第四大粮食作物，对各种环境压力有着异乎寻常的耐受性，因此获得了沙漠边缘作物的绰号。了解作物在不同环境中表现的遗传基础是非常必要的，但将基因型转换为表型的长期研究非常罕见。为了填补这一空白，将在一个长达近一个世纪的农业试验-大麦复合杂交II(CCII)中探索当地适应的遗传基础。CCII始于20世纪20年代的S，至今已有50多代人被允许适应加州戴维斯的当地情况。有了这一独特的资源，将采用尖端的高通量表型和基因型表征方法来阐明农业生产性能的遗传基础。这项研究的最终目标是预测在不同环境条件下成功的基因分型。在极端气候中茁壮成长，将最大限度地减少环境因素造成的潜在粮食不安全。这个项目将集中在CCII实验中从四个时间点抽取的1000个个体的特征，以阐明局部选择压力对表型和基因的影响。表型数据将以三种分辨率收集：全株和花序特征的单一时间点测量，使用网络摄像头监测的时间生长速度测量，以及使用CT扫描的花序3D渲染。利用全基因组SNP发现和确定策略的组合，表型的适应性变化将与特定的基因变化联系在一起。该项目的成果将通过多个推广项目与公众分享，增加对作物如何适应不断变化的环境的了解。

This action funds an NSF National Plant Genome Initiative Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2017. The fellowship supports a research and training plan in a host laboratory for the Fellow who also presents a plan to broaden participation in biology. The host institution for the fellowship is the University of California, Riverside and the sponsoring scientist is Dr. Daniel Koenig. Barley is the world's fourth most important grain crop, and is unusually robust to a diversity of environmental stresses earning the moniker, the crop at the edge of the desert. Understanding the genetic basis of crop performance in variable environments is imperative, but long-term studies translating genotype to phenotype are exceedingly rare. To fill this gap, the genetic basis of local adaptation will be explored in a near century long agricultural experiment, the barley composite cross II (CCII). The CCII was initiated in the 1920's and has been allowed to adapt to the local conditions in Davis, CA for over 50 generations. With this unique resource, cutting edge high-throughput phenotype and genotype characterization methods will be employed to elucidate the genetic basis of agricultural performance. The ultimate goal of this study is to predict successful genotypes in variable environmental conditions. Thriving during climatic extremes will minimize potential food insecurity arising from environmental factors. This project will focus on the characterization of 1000 individuals drawn from four time points in the CCII experiment to elucidate the effect of local selective pressures on phenotype and genotype. Phenotypic data will be collected at three resolutions: single time point measurements of whole plant and inflorescence traits, temporal growth rate measurements using webcam monitoring, and inflorescence 3D renderings using CT scanning. Using a combination of genome-wide SNP discovery and ascertainment strategies, adaptive shifts in phenotype will be linked to specific genetic changes. The results of this project will be shared with the general public through multiple outreach programs, increasing the understanding of how crops adapt to changing environments.