EAPSI: Investigating the Reasons Behind Chemical Weathering on Venus

50年过去了，金星的气候历史对行星科学家来说仍然是个谜。利用各种计算机模型，我们可以观察金星在最近的历史中是否经历了气候变化。研究气候变化是解释金星今天状况的基础。了解气候将限制近地表环境中的大气成分，阐明金星上可能存在的天气模式，并可能确定山顶上低发射率金属霜的起源。金星和地球曾经是相同的行星，有着相似的起源、大气和地质。通过了解金星的大气层，它可以帮助我们弄清楚地球和金星是如何以及为什么彼此分离的，并帮助我们更好地了解行星的形成。金星的大气由97%的二氧化碳组成，因此是温室效应失控影响的完美例子，这是目前困扰我们星球的一个问题。如果我们能确定金星为什么这么热，以及高浓度的二氧化碳会如何影响表面条件，我们就能更多地了解地球上的气候变化。利用全球环流、辐射传热和平衡模型中的化学成分，我们可以观察到金星是否经历了最近的气候变化，这可能解释了山顶上金属霜的原因。利用这些代码，我们将改变大气的温度，例如，通过向循环模型中注入热空气或冷空气来观察它将如何在金星周围分布并影响表面温度。这种温度的变化可能改变云和沉淀物的形成和组成。从那里我们可以研究大气和地表之间可能的相互作用。为了研究这个问题，PI将在冈山大学的George Hashimoto博士的指导下共同开发一个模拟表面大气化学反应的代码。利用日本航天局的轨道飞行器赤月号，我们可以使用IR1相机研究不同层次的表面，并将表面发射率与我们的结果进行比较，看看矿物质是否相同。该奖项由美国国家科学基金会和日本科学促进会共同资助，隶属于东亚和太平洋暑期研究所项目，支持一名美国研究生进行暑期研究。

After 50 years the climate history on Venus is still a mystery to planetary scientists. Using various computer models we can observe if Venus has undergone a climate change in recent history. Studying climate change is fundamental in explaining Venus as it is today. Understanding the climate will constrain the atmospheric composition in the near surface environment, illuminate the possible weather patterns that can exist on Venus, and possibly determine the origin of the low emissivity metal frost on the mountain tops. Venus and Earth were once identical planets of similar origin, atmosphere, and geology. By understanding the Venusian atmosphere it may help us figure out how and why Earth and Venus diverged from one another and assist us in better understanding planetary formation. Venus' atmosphere is comprised of 97% CO2 and so is a perfect example of the effects of runaway greenhouse effect, a problem currently plaguing our planet. If we can determine why Venus is so hot and how high concentrations of CO2 can affect the surface conditions, we can learn more about climate change on Earth. Using global circulation, radiative heat transfer, and chemical composition at equilibrium models we can observe if Venus has undergone a recent climate change that could account for the metal frost in the mountain tops. Using the codes we will alter the temperature of the atmosphere, for example by injecting hot or cold air into the circulation model to see how it will disburse around Venus and affect the temperature of the surface. This change in temperature may modify the formation and composition of clouds and precipitates. From there we can study possible interactions between the atmosphere and the surface. In order to study this the PI will work under the mentorship of Dr. George Hashimoto of Okayama University to develop a code together to model surface-atmosphere chemical reactions. Using the Japanese Space Agency's orbiter, Akatsuki, we can use the IR1 camera to study the surface at various levels and compare the surface emissivities with our results to see if the minerals are the same. This award, under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program, supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.