EAPSI: Investigating the Reasons Behind Chemical Weathering on Venus

50年后，金星上的气候历史对行星科学家来说仍然是一个谜。使用各种计算机模型，我们可以观察到金星在近代史上是否经历过气候变化。研究气候变化对于解释今天的金星是至关重要的。了解气候将限制近地表环境中的大气成分，阐明金星上可能存在的天气模式，并可能确定山顶低发射率金属霜的来源。金星和地球曾经是相同的行星，有着相似的起源、大气和地质条件。通过了解金星大气，它可能会帮助我们弄清楚地球和金星如何以及为什么彼此背离，并帮助我们更好地理解行星的形成。金星的大气由97%的二氧化碳组成，因此是温室效应失控影响的一个完美例子，温室效应是目前困扰我们星球的一个问题。如果我们能够确定金星为什么如此炎热，以及二氧化碳浓度有多高会影响地表条件，我们就可以更多地了解地球上的气候变化。使用全球环流、辐射换热和平衡时的化学成分模型，我们可以观察到金星是否经历了最近的气候变化，这可能是山顶金属霜冻的原因。使用这些代码，我们将改变大气的温度，例如，通过向环流模型中注入热或冷空气，看看它将如何分布在金星周围，并影响表面的温度。温度的这种变化可能改变云和沉淀物的形成和组成。从那里我们可以研究大气和地表之间可能的相互作用。为了研究这一点，国际和平研究所将在冈山大学乔治·桥本博士的指导下共同开发一种代码来模拟地表-大气化学反应。使用日本航天局的轨道飞行器Akatsuki，我们可以使用IR1相机在不同的水平上研究表面，并将表面发射率与我们的结果进行比较，看看这些矿物是否相同。该奖项根据东亚和太平洋夏季学院计划，支持一名美国研究生的暑期研究，由NSF和日本科学促进会共同资助。

After 50 years the climate history on Venus is still a mystery to planetary scientists. Using various computer models we can observe if Venus has undergone a climate change in recent history. Studying climate change is fundamental in explaining Venus as it is today. Understanding the climate will constrain the atmospheric composition in the near surface environment, illuminate the possible weather patterns that can exist on Venus, and possibly determine the origin of the low emissivity metal frost on the mountain tops. Venus and Earth were once identical planets of similar origin, atmosphere, and geology. By understanding the Venusian atmosphere it may help us figure out how and why Earth and Venus diverged from one another and assist us in better understanding planetary formation. Venus' atmosphere is comprised of 97% CO2 and so is a perfect example of the effects of runaway greenhouse effect, a problem currently plaguing our planet. If we can determine why Venus is so hot and how high concentrations of CO2 can affect the surface conditions, we can learn more about climate change on Earth. Using global circulation, radiative heat transfer, and chemical composition at equilibrium models we can observe if Venus has undergone a recent climate change that could account for the metal frost in the mountain tops. Using the codes we will alter the temperature of the atmosphere, for example by injecting hot or cold air into the circulation model to see how it will disburse around Venus and affect the temperature of the surface. This change in temperature may modify the formation and composition of clouds and precipitates. From there we can study possible interactions between the atmosphere and the surface. In order to study this the PI will work under the mentorship of Dr. George Hashimoto of Okayama University to develop a code together to model surface-atmosphere chemical reactions. Using the Japanese Space Agency's orbiter, Akatsuki, we can use the IR1 camera to study the surface at various levels and compare the surface emissivities with our results to see if the minerals are the same. This award, under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program, supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.