EAPSI: Understanding the Earth's Crust during the Presence of Large Amounts of Pre-eruptive Magma Conditions at Volcanic Zones

这个项目的目标是在大量岩浆演化并为喷发做好准备的时候了解地壳。该项目将融合野外工作、实验室工作和计算机模拟，以研究为Whakamaru火山喷发提供物质的岩浆体的演化。Whakamaru岩群喷发强烈并发生爆炸；他们在新西兰陶波火山带短时间内疏散了数百立方公里的岩浆。像Whakamaru这样的大型喷发在大量岩浆存在的时候提供了地壳的快照，他们的研究为地壳产生可喷发岩浆的能力提供了见解。了解喷发前岩浆体的发育和条件对于评估灾害和了解潜在喷发的规模至关重要。这项研究将与新西兰坎特伯雷大学的Darren Gravley合作进行，他在火山学方面的专业知识和对Whakamaru矿床的知识将有助于开展这项工作。该项目的重点是量化岩浆是如何在地下分布的，从而导致Whakamaru喷发序列。利用喷发的天然浮石样品，我们可以利用晶体-玻璃热力学平衡来量化喷发前的岩浆条件。结果将有可能区分储存在不同地壳深度的特定批次的岩浆，并提供关于离散岩浆体之间的组织和潜在相互作用的洞察。该项目还侧重于量化与Whakamaru群有关的岩浆体和地壳之间的热流。相平衡模拟将量化上地壳内产生和储存这种数量的岩浆所需的热量，并将评估岩浆储存期间地壳的状况。地壳内的传导热流和对流热流都将基于结晶岩浆热力学施加的限制进行建模。该奖项由东亚和太平洋夏季研究所计划设立，支持一名美国研究生的夏季研究，并由NSF和新西兰皇家学会共同资助。

The goal of this project is to understand the Earth's crust at a time when large amounts of magma evolved and became primed for eruption. This project will amalgamate fieldwork, lab work, and computer simulations to study the evolution of the magma bodies that fed the Whakamaru eruptions. The Whakamaru group erupted intensely and explosively; they evacuated hundreds of cubic kilometers of magma in short episodes in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Large eruptions, like the Whakamaru, provide snapshots of the Earth's crust at times when large amounts of magma are present, and their study yields insights into the ability of the crust to generate eruptible magma. Understanding the development and conditions of pre-eruptive magma bodies is paramount to assess hazards and comprehend the magnitude of potential eruptions. This research will be conducted in collaboration with Darren Gravley at University of Canterbury, New Zealand whose expertise in volcanology and knowledge of the Whakamaru deposits will be instrumental for the work to be developed. The project focuses on quantifying how magma was distributed in the subsurface leading to the Whakamaru eruption sequence. Using erupted natural pumice samples, we can quantify the pre-eruptive magma conditions using crystal-glass thermodynamic equilibrium. Results will make it possible to distinguish particular batches of magma stored at different crustal depths, and also provide insight on the organization and potential interactions between discrete magma bodies. The project also focuses on quantifying the heat flow between the magma body and crust associated with the Whakamaru Group. Phase equilibria modeling will quantify the heat needed within the upper crust to generate and store such quantities of magma, and will assess the conditions of the crust during magma storage. Both conductive and convective heat flow within the crust will be modeled based on the constraints placed by the thermodynamics of crystallizing magma.This award, under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program, supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Royal Society of New Zealand.