Cool Galactic Winds and Gas Accretion: Joint Constraints from Integral Field Spectroscopy and Pencil Beam Probes

天文学家试图了解整个宇宙中扩散的气体如何形成星系。 仅在重力的影响下，所有这些气体就应该塌缩成恒星。 然而，宇宙中的大部分物质并不在恒星中，而是在恒星中。它是扩散气体。 此外，星系很少显示气体落入。它几乎总是流出。 需要对星系周围的扩散气体进行研究，以了解这种稀薄蒸气的一小部分是如何最终形成我们今天所知的宇宙的。 在这个项目中，鲁宾和合作者利用了对数百个星系的新观测，揭示了附近的气体。 他们的专门方法对冷气体敏感，冷气体质量相对较大且密度较大。 他们可以对其位置进行成像并确定其相对于每个星系的速度。 结果将是大量的星系和气流样本，为理论模型提供新的约束。 PI 将招募和培训来自服务不足人群的本科生来参与分析。 已经确定了适合总体研究计划的合适项目。 这些项目利用现代的、基于探究的教学方法。该项目将利用 APO (MaNGA) 正在进行的斯隆数字巡天/附近星系测绘计划的数据，该计划已获得数千个附近星系的积分场单位 (IFU) 光谱。 Rubin 和合作者将通过 Na I 跃迁研究冷的中性气体，这可以通过地面光谱仪进行分析。 他们将形成这种气体的二维速度图，并将其与每个星系的宽带成像进行比较。 这些数据将通过对具有偶然排列的背景照明类星体的星系样本的 Ca II 和 Na I 吸收光谱的补充研究来增强。 这项补充调查将利用凯克望远镜观测进行，目前已经获得了部分时间。 这些调查将共同对气体流入的发生率、形态和质量进行普查。 他们还将讨论大规模外流是否与星系的固有特性和方向有关，以及超新星抛射物是否可以合理地驱动此类外流的动量。 本科生将从圣地亚哥州立大学招收，该大学是联邦政府指定的西班牙裔服务机构。 本科生研究项目将包括生成可发布的凯克光谱目录，以及对 MaNGA 衍生的气流形态和运动学进行分析。

Astronomers seek to understand how diffuse gas throughout the Universe formed into galaxies. Under the influence of gravity alone, all this gas should have collapsed into stars. However, most of the matter in the Universe is not in stars; it is diffuse gas. Furthermore, galaxies rarely show gas falling in; it is almost always flowing out. Study of diffuse gas around galaxies is needed to understand how some small fraction of this tenuous vapor finally gave rise to the universe we know today. In this project, Rubin and collaborators take advantage of new observations of hundreds of galaxies that reveal nearby gas. Their specialized methods are sensitive to cool gas, which is relatively massive and dense. They can image its position and determine its velocity relative to each galaxy. The result will be a large sample of galaxies and gas flows to provide new constraints for theoretical models. The PI will recruit and train undergraduates from underserved populations to participate in the analysis. Suitable projects that fit into the overall research plan have been defined. These projects make use of modern, inquiry-based teaching methods.This project will draw upon data from the ongoing Sloan Digital Sky Survey / Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) initiative, which has obtained integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy of several thousand nearby galaxies. Rubin and collaborators will study cold, neutral gas via the Na I transition, which is accessible to ground-based, optical spectroscopy. They will form two dimensional velocity maps of this gas and compare them to broadband imaging of each galaxy. These data will be augmented with a complementary study of Ca II and Na I absorption spectroscopy of a sample of galaxies with fortuitously aligned, background-illuminating quasars. This complementary investigation will be performed using Keck telescope observations, for which partial time has already been awarded. Together, these investigations will provide a census of the incidence, morphology, and mass of gas inflows. They will also address whether large-scale outflows can be linked to intrinsic galaxy properties and orientation and whether supernova ejecta can plausibly drive the momentum of such outflows. Undergraduates will be recruited from San Diego State University, a federally designated Hispanic Serving Institution. Undergraduate research projects will include generating a publishable catalog of Keck spectroscopy, and analysis of MaNGA derived gas flow morphology and kinematics.