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Collaborative Research: Using Observations and Models to Study How Dust Grains Between the Stars Align

合作研究：利用观测和模型研究恒星之间的尘埃颗粒如何排列

基本信息

批准号：
1715754
负责人：
Alexandre Lazarian
金额：
$ 31.14万
依托单位：
University of Wisconsin-Madison
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-10-01 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1715754&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Using Observations Models

项目摘要

This astronomy project aims at improving our understanding of the gas and dust that exists in interstellar space, i.e., in the space between the stars in our Galaxy. The team has developed their own theory about how elongated grains of dust in this "interstellar medium" are lined up. This rather complex process involves magnetic forces or "fields"---which are known to exist in space---and starlight. The theory will be tested using observations from a range of telescopes, including the Herschel and Planck space telescopes, the airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), and the ground-based Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), and Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT), among others. Magnetic fields affect the way gas moves through space, and particularly the way clouds collapse under their own weight to form stars. Understanding magnetic fields is therefore hugely important when trying to understand how stars and planets like Earth are formed. Graduate and undergraduate students from Santa Clara University and the University of Wisconsin will be heavily involved in this project. A young post-doctoral researcher will also take a leading role in this effort.This tri-institute collaborative project will develop an analytical version of the Radiative Alignment Torque (RAT) theory for the alignment of irregular, paramagnetic dust grains in the Interstellar Medium (ISM). The theory has already had some qualitative successes in interpreting past observations. The awardees now aim to quantitatively test the theory against a range of observations using an analytical version of the theory that incorporates realistic source structures. When combined with optical and infrared polarization measurements, the RAT theory may be a powerful diagnostic tool for studying interstellar magnetic fields in a variety of environments (Giant Molecular Clouds, Accretion Disks, etc.). Dust-induced polarization provides a relatively straightforward probe of the magnetic field if a reliable understanding of grain alignment is available. Understanding foreground dust polarization is also crucial to studies of the cosmic microwave background. The recipients of this award will provide classroom and hands-on training to students at Santa Clara University and the University of Wisconsin (UW), developing "polarization classes (schools)" that may also be used by non-affiliated undergraduate students. The award also supports outreach aimed at the general public, including programs at the Lick Observatory and as part of the Lassen Dark Sky Festival. Popular science content will be pursued through drafted magazine articles, as well as student involvement in popular astronomy broadcasting in Spanish at UW.

这个天文学项目旨在提高我们对星际空间（即银河系恒星之间的空间）中存在的气体和尘埃的了解。该团队针对这种“星际介质”中细长的尘埃颗粒如何排列形成了自己的理论。这个相当复杂的过程涉及磁力或“场”（已知存在于太空中）和星光。该理论将使用一系列望远镜的观测结果进行测试，包括赫歇尔和普朗克太空望远镜、机载平流层红外天文观测站（SOFIA）、地面斯隆数字巡天望远镜（SDSS）、詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦望远镜（JCMT）和多镜望远镜（MMT）等。磁场影响气体在太空中移动的方式，特别是云在自身重量作用下塌陷形成恒星的方式。因此，当试图了解恒星和像地球这样的行星是如何形成时，了解磁场非常重要。圣克拉拉大学和威斯康星大学的研究生和本科生将大力参与该项目。一名年轻的博士后研究员也将在这项工作中发挥主导作用。这个三机构合作项目将开发辐射对准扭矩（RAT）理论的分析版本，用于星际介质（ISM）中不规则顺磁性尘埃颗粒的对准。该理论在解释过去的观察结果方面已经取得了一些定性的成功。获奖者现在的目标是使用包含现实源结构的理论分析版本，根据一系列观察结果来定量测试该理论。当与光学和红外偏振测量相结合时，RAT 理论可能成为研究各种环境（巨型分子云、吸积盘等）中星际磁场的强大诊断工具。如果可以可靠地了解颗粒排列，则灰尘引起的极化可以提供相对简单的磁场探测。了解前景尘埃偏振对于宇宙微波背景的研究也至关重要。该奖项的获得者将为圣克拉拉大学和威斯康星大学（UW）的学生提供课堂和实践培训，开发也可供非附属本科生使用的“极化课程（学校）”。该奖项还支持针对公众的宣传活动，包括利克天文台的项目和拉森黑暗天空节的一部分。科普内容将通过起草的杂志文章以及学生参与威斯康星大学西班牙语的科普天文学广播来实现。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Effect of Dust Rotational Disruption by Radiative Torques and Implications for the F-corona Decrease Revealed by the Parker Solar Probe

辐射扭矩对尘埃旋转干扰的影响以及帕克太阳探测器揭示的 F 电晕减少的影响

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac126e
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Hoang, Thiem;Lazarian, Alex;Lee, Hyeseung;Cho, Kyungsuk;Gu, Pin-Gao;Ng, Chi-Hang
通讯作者：
Ng, Chi-Hang

Magnetic Properties of Dust Grains, Effect of Precession, and Radiative Torque Alignment

尘埃颗粒的磁性、进动效应和辐射扭矩对准