PFI:BIC - A Smart GIC-Resilient Power Grid: Cognitive Control Enabled by Data Mining at the Nexus of Space Weather, Geophysics and Power Systems Engineering

PFI:BIC - 智能 GIC 弹性电网：通过数据挖掘在空间天气、地球物理学和电力系统工程的结合中实现认知控制

• 批准号: 1720175
• 负责人: Adam Schultz
• 金额: $ 99.99万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1720175&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PFI; BIC; Smart; GIC; Resilient

The North American power grid is potentially at risk of collapse from large geomagnetic storms manifested from solar flares that generate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) to flow in the power grid. In 2008, with the signing of the American Recovery Act, a $328M investment was made for the installation of high speed sensors called synchrophasors. These generalized power sensors provided, for the very first time, a system potentially capable of wide area situational awareness for the grid. By developing algorithms that interrogate these existing sensor arrays, combining them with real-time predictions of GICs in the power grid determined from real-time geomagnetic field data that is input to information on 3-D ground (crust and mantle) electrical conductivity structure obtained from the NSF EarthScope Magnetotelluric Program, a "Smart Service System" will be developed that will be capable of predicting impact severity on individual power grid transformers. This project will provide an important new tool for mitigating the impact of GICs on the power grid, improving the reliability of electric power service, potentially reducing the possibility of catastrophic blackouts, and reducing costs to power utilities and consumers by extending the service life of key components of the grid.The NSF EarthScope Magnetotelluric Program has systematically measured the electromagnetic impedance of the ground at a temporary grid of stations that currently encompasses more than half of the continental US. The impedance, a frequency dependent tensor sensitive to the 3-D electrical conductivity structure of the Earth?s crust and mantle projects the ground magnetic fields into electric fields at that location. We will apply real-time streams of data from magnetic observatories to determine real-time magnetic fields at the sites of previously occupied EarthScope stations, and by projecting these through the impedance tensors and interpolating the predicted ground electric fields onto power transmission line paths, voltages that drive GICs in power grid transformers can be estimated in real-time and used as input to improved grid power flow simulations that will be developed under project support. This will be integrated with power flow information from mining synchrophasor sensor networks, and with satellite space weather data and NOAA geomagnetic activity forecasts. Human factors engineering will study power utility control room operator interactions with the data flow and user interface developed under project support, with iterative improvements of those interfaces made, given human factors feedback.

北美电网可能面临因太阳耀斑产生的大型地磁风暴而崩溃的风险，太阳耀斑会产生地磁感应电流（GIC）在电网中流动。2008年，随着美国复苏法案的签署，投资3.28亿美元用于安装称为同步相量的高速传感器。这些通用的功率传感器首次提供了一种可能能够为电网提供广域态势感知的系统。通过开发询问这些现有传感器阵列的算法，将它们与电网中GIC的实时预测相结合，所述电网中GIC的实时预测是从输入到3D地面信息的实时地磁场数据确定的（地壳和地幔）电导率结构从NSF EarthScope大地电磁计划获得，将开发一个“智能服务系统”，该系统将能够预测对单个电网变压器的影响严重程度。该项目将为减轻GIC对电网的影响，提高电力服务的可靠性，潜在地减少灾难性停电的可能性，通过延长电网关键部件的使用寿命来降低电力公司和消费者的成本。NSF EarthScope大地电磁计划系统地测量了临时电网的地面电磁阻抗目前覆盖了美国大陆一半以上的地区。阻抗，一个频率依赖的张量敏感的三维电导率结构的地球？地球的地壳和地幔将地磁场投射到该位置的电场中。我们将应用来自磁观测站的实时数据流来确定之前占用的EarthScope台站所在地的实时磁场，并通过阻抗张量投影这些磁场并将预测的地面电场内插到输电线路路径上，驱动电网变压器中的GIC的电压可以在真实的中估计-这将节省时间，并用作将在项目支持下开发的改进电网潮流模拟的投入。这将与采矿同步相量传感器网络的电力流信息以及卫星空间天气数据和NOAA地磁活动预测相结合。人因工程将研究电力设施控制室操作员与数据流的交互以及在项目支持下开发的用户界面，并根据人因反馈对这些界面进行迭代改进。