RAPID: Political Party Organization and the Role of Women

RAPID：政党组织和妇女的作用

• 批准号: 1724436
• 负责人: Nahomi Ichino
• 金额: $ 10.06万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724436&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Political; Party; Organization; Role

Women are under-represented in political parties in many new democracies, in part because of social norms that inhibit women from becoming active in local politics. What are the effects of reducing the gender gap in grassroots participation? This project addresses this question by conducting two large-scale surveys to evaluate the short- and long-run effects of a community civic education program designed to encourage women's political participation in Ghana. The civic education treatment takes the form of a series of large community meetings held by Ghana's National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), an independent, non-partisan government agency that regularly engages in similar activities, and addresses social norms against the participation of women in political parties and encourages greater women's participation. Assessing the link between civic education and levels of participation has implications for future development policy, including efforts funded and conducted by the US government.This research explores (a) whether women's political empowerment increases women's access to government resources and reduces their economic vulnerability, and (b) whether women's political empowerment changes attitudes and norms about women's appropriate roles in society. It extends an emerging body of work on these questions in two ways. First, most research on gender in the developing world has focused on the impacts of women in leadership positions. This study shifts focus to the study of the effects of grassroots participation. Second, endogeneity generally complicates causal inferences on the effects of women's participation. This research will be one of a handful of studies that have randomly encouraged or exploited "natural" experiments on women's participation. Moreover, the field experiment presents an unusually well-identified test of theories of how the resources available to political parties in new democracies affect their electoral strategies, including clientelism and intimidation of voters. The field experiment with an encouragement design allows the estimation of the effects of increased women's political participation on (a)political party strategies, including mobilization and outreach to women before the election; (b) the subsequent economic welfare of women; and (c) social norms about the participation of women in politics and local leadership.

在许多新的民主国家，妇女在政党中的代表性不足，部分原因是社会规范阻碍妇女积极参与地方政治。减少基层参与方面的性别差距有哪些影响？该项目通过开展两项大规模调查来解决这一问题，以评估旨在鼓励加纳妇女参政的社区公民教育方案的短期和长期效果。公民教育的形式是由加纳国家公民教育委员会举行的一系列大型社区会议，该委员会是一个独立的、无党派的政府机构，定期开展类似活动，讨论反对妇女参加政党的社会规范，并鼓励妇女更多地参与。评估公民教育与参与水平之间的联系对未来的发展政策具有影响，包括美国政府资助和开展的工作。这项研究探讨了（a）妇女的政治赋权是否增加了妇女获得政府资源的机会并降低了她们的经济脆弱性，以及（b）妇女的政治赋权是否改变了人们对妇女在社会中适当角色的态度和规范。B。它以两种方式扩展了关于这些问题的新工作。首先，关于发展中国家性别问题的大多数研究都侧重于妇女担任领导职务的影响。本研究的重点转移到基层参与的影响的研究。第二，内生性通常使关于妇女参与的影响的因果推论复杂化。这项研究将是少数几项随机鼓励或利用妇女参与的“自然”实验的研究之一。此外，实地实验提供了一个非常明确的理论测试，即新民主国家政党可用的资源如何影响其选举策略，包括庇护主义和恐吓选民。 采用鼓励性设计的实地试验可以估计妇女更多的政治参与对以下方面的影响：（a）政党战略，包括选举前的动员和对妇女的宣传;（B）妇女随后的经济福利;（c）关于妇女参与政治和地方领导的社会规范。